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HUMANISM AND KNOWLEDGE - Coggle Diagram
HUMANISM AND KNOWLEDGE
Humanism
Other important humanists from outside Florence:
Erasmus of Rotterdam.
Was born in Netherlands.
Criticised vices of society, especially those at heart of Church
Called for reform based on Individual's freedom of choice.
His main works In Praise of Folly and Adagia.
Sir Thomas more
An important English lawyer and author.
Defended the right of Individual conscience against the power of
state
Cardinal cisneros
Set up the University of Alcalá de Henares as centre of theology.
Theology a study revived by humanists.
Humanism had a clear Christian character in Castilla
Cultural movement that began in the 14th century.
It developed fully in the 15th and 16th centuries
The rich city-states of the northern part of Italian Peninsula.
The city-states, had a flourishing economy + rich artistic hertiage.
Northern part of Italian peninsula in mid-15th century
Humanists developed an anthropocentric world view.
As an alternative to the God-centred world view
Humans and their intelligence became the main concerns.
Main characteristics of Humanism:
Anthropocentrism
Belief that human beings,the most important entity in the
universe
Revival of Antiquity
Petrarch and Giovanni Boccaccio humanist scholars.
This humanist, studied antiquity.
Revised classical thinking.
To make it wtih Christian values.
Love of knowledge
A person's prestige not only depended on wealth+power
Also on education
Humanist believed that.
Humanists were experts in various fields.
Leonardo da Vinci was a painter
He also studied anatomy, botany, mechanics.
Humanists encouraged use of Latin and Greek.
Humanists supported by patrons
These people sponsered cultural and artistic activities.
Thanks to their power and wealth.
Patrons tipically governors and rich family
Courts + palaces, Naples and Florence, epicentres of Humanism
New humanists ideas spread to the rest of Europe.
Humanists created academies to teach their ideas and develop
new
The most well-know academy was in Florence
Sponsored by Medici Family, which governed the city
Academy brought together great 15th century thinkers
Marsilio Ficino and Giovanni Pico della Mirandola.
Good knowledge of the Christian, Greek, Latin traditions.
The spread of knowledge
The printing press
1440, Johannes Gutenberg invented movable-type printing
press
Books produced easily and ideas spread quickly
Improved literacy and intellectual life no longer restricted
No longer restricted for monasteries and universities
Humanists ideas and knowledge spread rapidly
In the Modern Age than in the Middle Ages
Knowledge spread through books written by hand
Most of them by clergymen and monasteries
Scientific knowledge
Thinker academies became interested in understanding the
world
The world + the natural processes that ocurred in it.
Revived using the scientific method used in Ancient Greek/Rome
Were the study of nature based on observation/experimentation.
Aim was to find a well-reasoned explanation
And also provide empirical evidence
Many of the advances were not popular with some societies
Religious leadors and also some politicians
Were opposed to those advances
Were devoted to teaching of Bible or classical antiquity.
Greatest changes were in the following of disciplines
Astronomy
Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus
Developed the heliocentric theory in the 16th century.
Claimed that Earth and other planets orbited around the Sun
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17th century.
Galileo Galileo was a Tuscan physicist
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Galileo was condmned by the church
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Medicine
There was widespread opposition to clinical trial
There were some following advances
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In the 17th century.
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Geography
It was established Earth was spherical
Modern cartography began
Maps were created based on world map drawn
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