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Concepts and Definitions Related to Testing Hypothesis, The alternative…
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The alternative hypothesis, often denoted as H1 or Ha, is a statement in statistical hypothesis testing that suggests there is a significant difference, effect, or relationship between the variables being studied. It represents the opposite of the null hypothesis and proposes that any observed differences or relationships in the data are not due to random chance but rather reflect a true effect or relationship in the population.
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The null hypothesis, often denoted as H0,is a statement or assumption in statistical hypothesis testing that suggests there is no significant difference, effect, or relationship between the variables being studied. It represents the default position or the absence of an expected effect.
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Formulate Hypotheses:
Define the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis(H1). The null hypothesis typically represents the status quo or the absence of an effect, while the alternative hypothesis represents what the researcher wants to show or prove.
Calculate Test Statistic
Select an appropriate statistical test based on the type of data (e.g., continuous, categorical) and the research question being investigated. Common statistical tests include t-tests, chi-square tests, ANOVA, regression analysis, etc.
Collect Data:
Gather relevant data through observations, experiments, surveys, or other means. The data should be representative of the population of interest.
Make a Decision:
Compare the calculated test statistic (or the p-value) with the critical value: If the test statistic falls in the rejection region (i.e., exceeds the critical value or the p-value is less(α) than reject the null hypothesis in favor of the alternative hypothesis.• If the test statistic does not fall in the rejection region (i.e., does not exceed the critical value or the p-value is greater than or equal (α) to fail to reject the null hypothesis.
Draw Conclusions:
Based on the decision made in step 7, draw conclusions about the null hypothesis and the research question being investigated. Interpret the results in the context of the study and consider practical significance.
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