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Trypanosoma - Coggle Diagram
Trypanosoma
Trypanosoma brucei
MORPHOLOGY
Long slender, having free flagellum, motile 20×3 μm in size
Intermediate one also called as Epimastigote.
Trypomastigote form, it exhibit itself in three forms
Short stumpy , without flagellum, non- motile, 10×5 μm in size
Spindle shape structure
LIFE CYCLE
Metacyclic trypomastigote form , infective form
Mode of transmission - bite of Tsetse fly
Invertebrate host - Tsetse fly
It transform to long slender trypomastigote ( free flagellum) multiply by binary fission after moving into various spaces , short stumpy form - invade blood stream
Vertebrate host - Humans and Domestic animals
Short stumpy infective form for insects - long slender form in midgut and hindutva - Epimastigote in salivary gland transform into Metacyclic trypomastigote in salivary, it blocks the feeding of the insect so, it is transmitted to individual.
INTRODUCTION
Dutton,1902- Named as
Trypanosoma gambiense
Klein, 1909 - development of parasite in the vector , Tsetse fly.
Forde,1902- in the blood of man suffering from fever.
Habitat - connective tissue spaces , Reticular tissue of lymph nodes, Intracellular spaces in brain , CSF, Blood, lymph channel.
1st demonstrated by Bruce in horses and cattles in 1895.
PATHOGENESIS
Hepatospleenogamy and lymphadenopathy
Winter bottom's sign - Lymph nodes in posterior cervical region of neck are involved producing a lesion.
Chancre (3-4cm)
CNS - severe headache, behavioural changes.
Parasitaemia in blood.
African trypanosomiasis, Haemoflagellates
Sleepiness and chronic condition leads to dies.
CLASSIFICATION
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
West Africa, vector - Tsetse fly
G.palpalis
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
East Africa, vector - Tsetse fly
G.morsitans
Trypanosoma brucei brucei
Animal pathogen, vector - tsetse fly of Genus
Glossina
LAB DIAGNOSIS
Culture - Weinman's medium
Blood count and CSF examination - Presence of Mott cells or Morula or Mulberry cells.
Sample - blood , lymph node aspirates, bone marrow aspirates, CSF.
Serological - card agglutination test ( CATT ) , ELISA
Direct microscopy - wet mount, Giemsa staining
Molecular methods - PCR, Real time PCR , FISH , DNA assay , LAMP.
TREATMENT
Suramin , Pentamidine
Organic arsenical melarsoprol - Late secondary stage of trypanosomiasis
Trypanosoma cruzi
PATHOGENESIS
Regional lymphadenitis
Acute myocarditis
Romana' s sign - conjunctivitis
Acute stage of infection - fever , hepatospleenogamy
Infants and AIDS - Meningoencephalitis
Chagoma- subcutaneous inflammatory nodule
Chronic condition - Arrhythmias , syncope , dizziness, palpitation, chest pain, oedema, dilation of oesophagus, Megacolon, loss of peristalsis , regurgitation, dysphagia,severe constipation
Chagas disease
Congenital transmission - still birth, low birth weight
LAB DIAGNOSIS
Blood concentration methods
ELISA, PCR , CLIA ,IFA, Western blot, Radio immunoprecipitation assay
Culture - NNN Medium, Yager's liver infusion tryptose medium
Confirmatory test - Xenodiagnosis
Microscope - wet mount, Giemsa stain
LIFE CYCLE
Infective form - Metacyclic trypomastigote form
Mode of transmission - vector bites
Invertebrate host - Reduviid bugs or kissing bugs or Triatomine bug
Vector bites and lays fecal matter by scratching that metacyclic enters into it. It converts into amastigote multiplies and release trypomastigote rupture and release.
Vertebrate host - Human host
Insect - trypomastigote transfer to amastigote in foregut multiply - Epimastigote in midgut - metacyclic trypomastigote in hindutva - fecal. It is not transmitted through bitting.
MORPHOLOGY
Trypomastigote form , sickle shape structure, inverted 'c' or 'U' shape , spindle shape - 20 μm in length
Amastigote form, Axoneme interior flagellum, Round or oval shape 1.5 to 4 μm diameter.
TREATMENT
Nifurtimox
Benznidazole
INTRODUCTION
He named after his mentor Oswaldo Cruz
Central and South America
It discovered by Carlos chagas from reduviid bug ( triatomine bugs) had its blood meal from infected monkeys
Habitat - Trypomastigote in blood
Amastigote in Reticuloendothelial cells.
It cause Chagas' disease
