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From Democracy promotion to democracy protection - Coggle Diagram
From Democracy promotion to democracy protection
The study of democracy promotion intersects Comparative Politics and International Relations
Democracy promotion became prominent as a foreign policy tool after the Cold War, but is being increasingly contested
Definitions:
Dem. promotion: An ideational project that transfers elements of democracy as a poli regime type to another country some including promotion by force such as military intervention.
Dem. support: Peaceful and non-coercive support to establish/deepen democracy through knowledge and tech support and somethings financial and material support
Dem. protection: Peaceful and coercive protection of dem. from authorization through a mix of long and short term measures
Good governance: contains elements of dem. promotion but with transparency, participation and accountability
The US liberal world order
Econ. success through market economy
Dem. and political freedom
Globalization
International insitiutions like UN, WTO, and ICJ
Global peace and security
Environmental protection
Human rights
Econ. prosperity and welfare
Democracy promotion as a tool for peacebuilding
"Democratic peace" theory argues that democracies do not fight each other and resolve conflict peacefully
Lipset's theory of modernization
"Development as freedom" is a cornerstone of democracy promo. because democratic rule and individual freedoms were long deemed as a precondition of development
Effectiveness of demo. promotion:
1st: it is often embedded in boarder foreign/international aid which makes it possible to isolate the idea
2nd: We don't know how democratization in specific cases would have fare without demo. promotion
3rd: Impact might be much more diverse, including counterproductive effects
Evolving approaches
ex: with US, Afghanistan and SU
During Cold War: Competition between US and SU. The US promoting democracy and capitalism and the SU promoting communism in Afganistan
After Cold War: US became superpower for Afghanistan. Promoting institutions and policies favoring democratic rule and free trade as well as direct and indirect engagement
Current/recent: Democracy protection and preventing erosion. Supporting democratic countries against authoritarian threats and responding to growing threats inside and outside
How the US does state building and reconstruction
Creating new/reforming existing institutions supporting liberal demo. + market + econ. + human/women's rights
Adopting new constitution/governance institutions or structure
Elections for exec. and leg.
New laws, regs and procedures
Property rights
Land reforms
Interim gov.
Transitional gov.
Permanent gov.
Typical structure of governance of the conflict-affected states
Centralized governance institutions
Strong presidential systems w/ excessive political, fiscal, and administrative authorities
Incompatible electoral system (ex: SNTV Afghanistan)
Weak/no party discipline
Weak/no downward accountability, transparency, responsiveness efficiency and effective and equity
Most of the time this system does not work
Effectiveness of democracy promo
Difficult to gage due to three reasons
1st: Instruments of demo. promo are usually imbedded in boarder foreign or international aid which makes it hard to isolate specific effects
2nd: we don't know how democratization in spec. cases would be fared without it
3rd: The impact might be diverse including counterproductive effects
Conflicting objects/trade offs in demo promo.
Intrinsic conflicts of objects: Conflict of objects that are inherent in demo. promo.
democratization v peace building
demo v state building
Demo v regime stablity
demo v socio-econ development
Extrinsic conflicts of object: Conflicts of objects of demo promo with other relevant policy goals
Fair/free elections v negotiated power sharing
Inistitution-building v empowerment
Exclusion v inclusion
Ownership v donor control
De-legitimization of demo promo
The current global autogravitation trend contests and de-legtiimizes demo promo in both donor countries and recipient countries
Ex: trend of demo backsliding with the election of Victor Orban in Hungary
New dynamic influences of demo promo
Efective demo promo needs to combine active support to further democratization processes with strag. of demo protection
Geostrategic shifts have put demo. back at center of global politics
Transnational social movements and civic activist groups play an increasing important role in the spread and diffusion of democracy
Digitalization is a global trend that is decisive for the success of democracy protection
Misinformation has become a relevant driver of autoactivation