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03 THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS
1 THE BIRTH OF A NEW MONARCHY
In 1469, Fernando II of Aragón married Isabel I, the sister of Enrique IV of Castilla, who died in 1474
Fernando II inherited the Aragonese throne in 1479
To gain her right to the throne of Castilla, Isabel I had to defeat Juana, the king’s daughter and heir, in a civil war that ended in 1479. Isabel and Juana were supported by Aragón and Portugal, respectively
The marriage of Isabel and Fernando laid the foundations for the development of modern Spain, and also for the Catholic Monarchy
The pope bestowed the title of Catholic Monarchs on the couple in 1496, after they had conquered the Kingdom of Granada and expelled the Jews.
new monarchy was a dynastic union because it was the result of a marriage between two monarchs, not a fusion of two kingdoms
omposite monarchy, where each crown kept its symbols, laws, institutions and borders, and the subjects of one kingdom were considered foreign in the other
The monarchs only shared policies in specific areas, such as foreign policy and religion
THE RELIGIOUS POLICY OF THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS
Catholic Monarchs
through religion
implementing a policy of religious unification
imposed most of their authority
Spanish Inquisition was first established in the Late Middle Ages
by the pope to punish heretics
Sephardi Jews
formed a very culturally and economically active community
expelled all Jews that did not convert to Christianity from their kingdoms
were called marranos
was not convinced that the conversos
were under suspicion and socially marginalised
THE BEGINNINGS OF HISPANIC DOMINANCE: FOREIGN POLICY
A period of stability began for the Catholic Monarchs
Castilla's recovery from civil war
active foreign policy which allowed them to expand their territories
Catholic Monarchs' domestic policy
conflicts between Catalan noblemen and serfs
Catolic Monarchs
The second was to reinforce their ties with countries such as Flanders
first was to maintain peace with Portugal after it had supported Juana
formed alliances by marrying their children to heirs of other kingdoms with two main aims
England with whom they had strong trade relationships because of the exports of Castilian wool
