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THE BEGINNING OF THE MODERN AGE, important to mantain their privileges +…
THE BEGINNING OF THE MODERN AGE
FROM MIDLE AGES TO MODERN AGES (15TH-18TH CENT)
SOCIETY + FEUDAL ECONOMY
THE THREE ESTATES OF THE REALM
CLERGY
SOCIAL + SPIRITUAL FUNCTION
LOOK AFTER SOULS
PRIVILEGES
COLLECT TITHES (LIMOSNA)
ADMINISTER JUSTICE
NOT PAY TAXES
EXCEPT AGREED IN COURTS
HIGH MEMBERS
COULD BE FEUDAL LORDS
COMMON PEOPLE
PEASANTS, CRAFTSMEN, TRADERS, DOCTORS, JURISTS
NO JUSTICE SYSTEM
JUDGED BY LORDS / NOBELMEN
PAID TAXES
TO SUPPORT PRIVILEGED STATES
NOBLES
DIDN'T WORK
CONSIDERED MANUAL LABOUR BENEATH THEM
NOT JUDGED
ONLY BY KINGS + NOBLES
NOT PAY TAXES
EXCEPT AGREED IN PARLIAMENT / COURT
COLLECTIVE PRIVILEGES: CITIES
COLLECT TAXES + ADMINISTER JUSTICE
CITY COUNCILS
IN THEORY, ALL CITYZENS
IN PRACTICE, ONLY RICH MEMBERS
PRIVILEGES CAME WITH THE STATE YOU WERE BORN INTO
DIFFICULT TO CHANGE CLASSES
ONLY WAY --> MILITARY CARREER, CHURCH, BY GATTING RICH
BASIC TRAITS OF A NEW ERA
ECONOMIC CHANGES
BOOM IN --> CRAFT, TRADE, FINANCIAL ACTIVITY
AGRICULTURE MAIN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
EXPLORATION + DISCOVERIES
NEW PRODUCTS
MONEY
CULTURAL CHANGES
ARTISTIC STYLES
RENAISSANCE ART + ARCHITECTURE
CULTURAL MOVEMENTS
HUMANISM
INVENTION OF PRINTING PRESS
NEW CONTINENTS
RELIJIOUS CHANGES
INTOLERANCE
PERSECUTION OF MUSLIMS + JEWS
WARS BETWEEN CHRISTIANS
SOCIAL CHANGES
3RD STATE
MORE DIVERSE + COMPLEX
DEMOGRAPHIC RECOVERY
POLITICAL CHANGES
MONARCHIES GAINED POWER
ROYAL COURTS MORE IMPORTANT
AUTHORITARIAN MONARCHIES AND SOCIETY
THE MOST POWERFUL MONARCHIES
THE TREASURY AND THE ARMY
monarch involved in wars
other kings
subjects in their own kingdom
permanent royal armies
for not to depend on nobility / church
result
fewer social conflicts
stability
royal treasuries
collect money
to mantain administrative, military system
to pay for royal army
taxes / loans from the middle class
monarchs
asked regional courts
for financial contribution
conquered territories
permanent armies
symtom of the growing power of monarch
members mercenaries
firearms
fortresses adapted to artillery
ROYAL COURT AND ADMINISTRATION OF KINGDOMS
more ambassadors, ministers, officials
middle class, low nobility started to work
modern state
stability increased
monarch gained prestige + power
conflicts with nobility, church, cities
when they rebelled
monarchs gave them jobs in royal courts / army
*
royal treasury powerful
need less money fron regional courts, parliament
monarch appointed important church figures
elected munnicipal governments
LIMITATIONS
monarch unable to impose their will
more in composite monarchies
monarchies made up by several political units, each with their own government
to mantain power+ stability needed
nobility
church
middle class
regional courts
THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS
THE BIRTH OF A NEW MONARCHY
beginning of middle ages
5 kingdoms in the iberian peninsula
thehuse of trastamara
ruled 2 of them
crown of aragon
crown of castilla
THE AUTHORITARIAN MONARCHY OF THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS
THE MONARCHY AND THE STATES OF THE REALM
THE RELIGIOUS POLICY OF THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS
HOLY OFFICE OF THE INQUISITION
ALIANCE THROUGH MARRIAGE
FOREIGN POLICY OF CATHOLIC MONARCHS
important to mantain their privileges + involve them in government work