Cognitive Psychology - Models of Memory
Reconstructive Memory Model
Multi-store Model of Memory
Working-Memory Model
Memory
Proposed by Bartlett
Proposed by Atkinson & Shiffrin
Proposed by Baddeley & Hitch
Duration
Capacity
Encoding
How long memory can be stored
The amount of memory which can be stored
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Memory stores
Long-term Memory
Short-term Memory
Sensory Memory
Duration
Duration
Encoding
Capacity
Encoding
Capacity
Encoding
Capacity
Duration
Semantically
Potentially unlimited
A few hours to up to a lifetime
18-30 seconds
7 +/- 2 items (Miller)
Acoustically
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Limited
Visual & Haptic
Four components
Central Executive
Explanation of STM
Phonological Loop
Visuo-spatial Sketchpad
Episodic Buffer
Explanation of the transfer of STM into LTM
Explains memory as three separate stores
Sensory memory > Short-term memory > Long-term memory
How is memory transferred from SM to STM?
By paying attention to it
How is memory transferred from STM to LTM?
Through rehearsal
How is memory temporarily brought into the STM from the LTM?
Through retrieval
Distributes information to the three slave systems
Schemas
Packages of stored information that help us make sense of the world - based on stereotypes and past experiences
Contemporary study
Sebastian & Hernandez-Gil (2012)
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