Cognitive Psychology - Models of Memory

Reconstructive Memory Model

Multi-store Model of Memory

Working-Memory Model

Memory

Proposed by Bartlett

Proposed by Atkinson & Shiffrin

Proposed by Baddeley & Hitch

Duration

Capacity

Encoding

How long memory can be stored

The amount of memory which can be stored

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Memory stores

Long-term Memory

Short-term Memory

Sensory Memory

Duration

Duration

Encoding

Capacity

Encoding

Capacity

Encoding

Capacity

Duration

Semantically

Potentially unlimited

A few hours to up to a lifetime

18-30 seconds

7 +/- 2 items (Miller)

Acoustically

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Limited

Visual & Haptic

Four components

Central Executive

Explanation of STM

Phonological Loop

Visuo-spatial Sketchpad

Episodic Buffer

Explanation of the transfer of STM into LTM

Explains memory as three separate stores

Sensory memory > Short-term memory > Long-term memory

How is memory transferred from SM to STM?

By paying attention to it

How is memory transferred from STM to LTM?

Through rehearsal

How is memory temporarily brought into the STM from the LTM?

Through retrieval

Distributes information to the three slave systems

Schemas

Packages of stored information that help us make sense of the world - based on stereotypes and past experiences

Contemporary study

Sebastian & Hernandez-Gil (2012)

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