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Atherosclerosis & Thrombosis - Coggle Diagram
Atherosclerosis & Thrombosis
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) - any disease of the heart/vascular system e.g. stroke, gangrene in limbs & heart attacks
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) - specific to the coronary arteries of the heart
Endothelial lining of a cell is damaged by High bp or toxins in smoke
The inner layer of the artery is breached and so there is an inflammatory response WBC's leave the blood vessels & move to the site of damage
They remove the cholesterol from LDL's in the blood. These accumulate chemicals from the blood (inc. cholesterol) and a deposit builds up called an atheroma at the site of damage
Calcium salts and fibrous tissue also builds up resulting in a swelling ~called a plaque~ on the inner wall of the artery (the artery loses some of its elasticity)
The plaque causes the artery's lumen to become narrower. This makes it more difficult for the heart to pump blood around the body.
This can lead to a raise in bp so there is a dangerous positive feedback loop - raised bp means further plaques can form
Thromboplastin
Reacts with
prothrombin
Forms
thrombin
enzyme
Thrombin
Reacts with
soluble fibrinogen
Forms
insoluble fibrin
strands
Form a mesh
Platelets stick to the damaged wall of the blood vessel. The exposed collagen in the smooth muscle layer causes platelets to release thromboplastin when it comes in contact
When cut thromboplastin is also released from damaged damaged tissue as long as calcium and vit K are present in the plasma
The thromboplastin enzyme reacts with prothrombin to form enzyme
Soluble fibrinogen substrate reacts with thrombin to form insoluble fibrin which sticks to the edge of the wound and eventually forms a mesh
Platelets go through the mesh and get trapped behind the mesh. This causes a clot to form