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van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg - Coggle Diagram
van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg
AIM
whether there are sig differences between attachment type distributions in given sample and American distribution 70% secure, 20% avoidant and 10% resistant
To what extent is there a cross cultural or intra cultural different
To investigate cultural variations of attachment using a meta analysis of studies
PROCEDURE
meta analysis of 32 studies in 8 different countries
excluded studies with children who have special educational needs, were over 24 months and any overlapping studies
RESULTS
Secure attachment was the most common across cultures lowest proportion in China highest in UK and Sweden
The least common was insecure resistant
intra cultural differences were 1.5x larger than the cross cultural differences
In all but one instance secure attachment was most common across all studies apart from Grossman et al
CONCLUSIONS
secure attachment is the most common attachment type in all countries, a key factor in raising children in all countries and cultures
Ethics
no ethical issues because a meta analysis was used of secondary data so no involvement in participants
Generalisability
some samples were small for example in china there was only 36 children cant generalise to other Chinese children
Used 2000 babies and their attachment figures a large sample which can be generalised
Reliability
shows consistent results from a standardised procedure the strange situation
Validity
may be low if the researchers interpret the secondary data in wrong