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Anaemia - Coggle Diagram
Anaemia
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Iron Deficiency Anaemia
Causes
- Increased Iron requierments
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2,. Inadequate Iron supply
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Inherited Anaemias
Definition
Heterogenous group of inherited anaemias characterised by defects in the synthesis of one or more of the globin chain subunits of the haemaglobin tetramer
Pathogenesis
- Imbalanced haemoglobin production leads to hypochromia and microchromia
- Unbalanced accumulation of globin subunits leads to haemolysis
Genetics
B globin chain defect characterised by substitution of glutamic acid (glu) with Valine (Val) at 6th position
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Complications
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Priapism
- Prolonged painful erection
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Clinically significatn abnormalities of RBC enzymes which cause diverse phenotypes including haemolytic anaemia, polycythaemia and methmoglobinemia
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Types
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- Hereditary Pyropoikilocytosis
- South east asia ovalocytosis
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Pernicious anaemia
Pathogenesis
Defect in intrinsic factor due to :
- Antiparietal cell antibodies
- Direct IF antibodies
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Myelodyspasia
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Treatment
- Transfusions and supportitive care
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- Hypomethylating agents - azacitidine
- Immunomodulatory agents - lenalidomide
Megaloblastic Anaemia
Causes
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- Toxic effects of alcohol (dietary / bleeding)
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Mechanism
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- Increased RBC destruction
Classification
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RBC Loss
Reticulocytopenia ↓
Decrease in circulating reticulocytes, immature red blood cells
Absoloute reticulocyte cound <100,000 μL
Causes
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Chronic Disease
- Anaemia of chronic disease
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Marrow disruption
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- Marrow replacement - cancer
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Recticulosytosis ↑
Increase in circulating reticulocytes, immature red blood cells
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