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PATHOLOGY of the OVARY - Coggle Diagram
PATHOLOGY of the OVARY
CYSTS
follicle cyst
cyst up to >5 cm in size, caused by missed rupture of the follicle
either the follicle does not release the egg or the follicle sac does not dissolve after the egg is released
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clinical settings
- fetal/neonatal follicle cyst
- isosexual pseudoprecocity
- central precocious puberty
- McCune-Albright syndrome
- primary hypothyroidism
- functional gonadotroph pituitary adenoma
- ovarian remnant syndrome
- autoimmune oophoritis
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TUMORS
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malignant (20%)
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risk factors
increased risk
- family history of breast, ovatian or colon cancer
- genetic mutations, e.g. BCRA mutation, Lynch syndrome
- post-menopausal
- increased age
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decreased risk
- pregnancy
- breastfeeding
- use of oral contraceptives
- paucity of symptoms and diagnostic tests for early detection
- aspecific symptoms even in late stage
- 70% of pts present with advanced disease
- dissemination through pelvic and ara-aortic lymph nodes and intraperitoneal
- surgical resection
- risk of peritoneal implants
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further classifications
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molecular classification
high-grade
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serous, endometrioid G3, undifferentiated
low-grade
endometrioid G1 and G2, clear cell, mucinous, serous
RAS, PI3KCA, PTEN mutations
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treatment
PARP inhibitors
if the tumor is not BRCA-mutated, PARP inhibitors will not work!
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