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Setting & Streaming - Coggle Diagram
Setting & Streaming
dividing students by ability can create or reinforce labels, having significant effects on achievement
Ball
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working class more likely than middle class to be put in lower bands even when measured ability at primary school was the same
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teachers had low expectations of lower bands, directing them towards practical subjects + lower level exams
lower classes more likely to underachieve due to placement in lower streams, reproducing social class inequalites
Ireson + Hallam
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those in higher sets more likely to have positive academic self concept + view staying on in education positively
evidence found sometimes extra resources given to lower sets to compensate for problems they might face
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affects type of knowledge students gain access to, sometimes resulting in working class being denied chance to gain knowledge that makes educational success possible
Keddie
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higher streams taught more in terms of abstract concepts, giving them greater opportunity to develop understanding
in lower streams, those asking questions were often misinterpreted + seen as an attempt to disrupt the class causing them to be dismissed or ignored
Gillborn + Youdell
working class + black students more likely to be placed in lower sets even when they had similar results to middle class + white students
pupils in lower sets often denied chance to sit higher tier GCSE exams so couldn't get above a grade C thus making it harder to progress to higher level courses
pupils in lower streams denied opportunities + knowledge needed to gain good grades, widening class gap in achievement
once streamed, it becomes difficult to move up to a higher stream + children become locked into their teachers' low expectations
EVALUATION
:( no equality of opportunity as those in lower sets denied opportunity to progress + sit higher tier exams
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:( anti-school attitudes develop in lower sets which leads to polarisation + potential formation of ant-school subculutres
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:( education cuts means lower sets are often negatively impacted as resources are focussed on those in higher sets to aid their higher achievement