Trade and commerce: The Crusades boosted trade. The European traders had created trade routes between Europe and the Middle East through the Levant. They brought back different goods, such as spices, linens, and luxuries. The new goods and ideas Muslims' culture significantly encouraged Europe’s economic growth, urbanization, and the creation of the merchant elite. We all know that cultural patronage and creative activities during the Renaissance must required financial support. Due to the increased trade and affluence made by trading, gaining financial support became easier.

The Crusades increased trading between Europe and different continents, especially Asia. The trades had led to the cities located on their routes growing into large city states quickly such as Florence . Due to the increasing trade caused by the city states, the merchants became wealthy, and their affluence led to a desire for art for spiritual fulfillment. As trade and city-states prospered, rich merchants rose to prominence in society. They craved more than just wealth; they wanted both cultural and spiritual fulfillment too.

The main battlefields of Crusades were in Middle East so the Crusaders had a chance to Understand and contact the Muslim's cultures.Through trades they led the europeans exposed the Muslim’s cultures, arts and philosophy too

During the renaissance period, Lorenzo de' Medici is a prominent Florentine bankers and patrons of the arts. They use their influence and wealth to allowed them to support the artist and lead the economic of renaissance growth in Florence. They also at financing and facilitating trade contributed.

Cosimo de' Medici is an important influencer in the Medici family during the renaissance period. He was a banker and a statesman who establish the Medici bank, which one of the most powerful financial institutions of the time.
Also Cosimo economic and political influence helped Florence became the center of trading and finance, driving its economic growth.

Businessmen started doing trading during the Renaissance. This allowed the banking industry to expand, allowing businessmen far from home to expand their own businesses.

There were many commodities traded in Europe, and the best products from every country were traded in Europe at that time. Although Italian trade began to decline in 1500, paintings, wood carvings, sculptures, gold and silverware, glassware and silk were the main sources of fine arts and crafts.

During the Renaissance, many peasants were serfs and were forced to work the land.
By the end of the 1400s, serfdom was gradually declining, and farmers were free to move and rent farms. This caused land prices to skyrocket at that time. As the population grew and food was in short supply, this led to rising prices and inflation in Europe at the time.

Jakob Fugger is a German banker and businessman who became well-known throughout the Renaissance. The Fuggers, his family's banking dynasty, rose to prominence as one of Europe's richest, powerful and influence families in the renaissance period. Fugger's is an entrepreneur in mining, textiles, and foreign trade, along with his financial ability, helped the Holy Roman Empire's economy.

Renaissance artists began to use different artistic techniques and styles. They began to popularize realism and naturalism as well as the use of perspective, which allowed different artists at the time to push the boundaries of artistic expression and show their own unique styles. Their ideas began to inspire other artists of the time and made great contributions to the Renaissance.

The Pope, Urban II, promised forgiveness of faults to everyone who fought in the Crusades, and serfs were relieved of their feudal duties. The church would bear the burden of taxes and absolve every debt. People also wanted personal prosperity by getting riches in the Holy Land, as well as the attraction of adventure attracted huge amount of people in.

Due to the traders in the Middle East discovering the unique luxuries, it led to high demands from Europeans for these luxury goods from the Middle East, such as silk, spices, ivory, and pearls. Of course, it caused a high demand for trade between the Middle East and Europe.

Humanism was a major cultural movement during the Renaissance. It speaks of the potential and value of human focus on individualism, secularism, and the study of classical literature, philosophy, and art. Humanist scholars tried to understand ancient Greek and Roman thinkers. Humanism affected the education, literature and art.

Urbanization and Banking: War requires money; it will be the same as Crusades. The need to finance and supply Crusader armies led to the significant growth of Europe's economic systems and banking systems as well. Some Italian city-states, such as Florence , Venice, became centers of commerce, banking, and maritime trade due to their superior location. Their prosperity and urbanization supported the flourishing of art, architecture, and learning during the Renaissance.

During the Renaissance, people were interested in the classical revival of ancient Rome and Greece. Artists and scholars find inspiration in ancient texts, art, and architecture. Artists and scholars were copying architectural design, literary and intellectual styles.

Galileo Galilei was born in Pisa, Italy on February 15, 1564 and died on January 8, 1642 in Archetri near Florence. He was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer and philosopher, an important figure in the scientific revolution during the Renaissance, and also made outstanding contributions in these fields.

During the Renaissance, people still believed that the earth was the center of the universe but Copernicus and Galileo proposed the heliocentric theory, which challenged the traditional understanding of the universe at that time.

Cities became much more important compared with middle ages especially for the port cities they grew to a important central of culture and trading Due to the tradings again

Nicolaus Copernicus was born from Poland on February 19, 1473 to May 24, 1543. He is a famous Polish mathematician and astronomer. He proposed the concept of heliocentrism and mentioned that the sun was the center of the universe. He is believed to be the starting point of astronomy and made many contributions to the scientific revolution.

Girolamo Cardano was born on September 24, 1501 and died on September 21, 1576. He was the "encyclopedia" of the Renaissance, but his contributions were mainly concentrated in mathematics, physics, and medic.
He suggested algrbra and Probability theory in that time

Paracelsus (full name: Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim) was born in Germany in 1493 and died on September 24, 1541. He was a Swiss physician, alchemist, secular theologian, and philosopher of the Renaissance.
He is determined to invent and manufacture medicines that are beneficial to human health.

During the Renaissance, alchemy was very popular. Alchemy attempts to change matter and they think of alchemy as a kind of magic. But alchemy is not an exactly science, but the experimental methods of alchemy are the basis for our current scientific experiments. So i will rather say alchemy was the former form of science

Renaissance scholars and physicians relied on their understanding of chemicals to make herbs, minerals, and chemicals for medical and pharmaceutical purposes. At that time, there was no accurate way to cure diseases, but herbal medicines during the Renaissance could save many people. The study of compounds was integrated into medical practice.

During the Renaissance, artists' different attempts to produce bright colors (such as mixing pigments with adhesives) played an important role in creativity

Age of Exploration: The Renaissance was the beginning of the great Age of Exploration.The astrolabe, compass, and improved ship designs allowed European explorers to navigate unexplored lands with higher accuracy and confidence. Also, navigational technologies and skills enabled explorers such as some famous explorers such as Columbus, who discovered America; Vasco da Gama, who first reached India; and Ferdinand Magellan, who proved the earth is round.

Trade and Global Commerce: Improved navigation techniques led to new trade routes which could made the trades more faster and cheaper and increased global trade. European countries built direct trading relationships with different continent such as Africa, Asia, and the Americas, they sharing goods, resources, and ideas.

Vasco da Gama (1460/1469 - 1524) was a renowned Portuguese explorer who discovered a direct sea route from Europe to India.He established Portugal as a major and strong maritime power.

In terms of the stages of human history, the Age of Enlightenment marks a historic intellectual and cultural movement away from superstition and religious wars and toward science and rationality. This movement is different from the earlier Renaissance movement that originated in Florence from the 14th to the 17th (16th) centuries.

A Renaissance Man is a talented, skilled, culturally varied person who demonstrates the diverse learning and versatility of the Renaissance period.

During middle ages ,the Muslim world was more advanced compared with Europe; the Europeans, through crusades, were exposed to new ideas in medicine, astronomy, philosophy, mathematics, and ancient literature from Muslims. The Crusaders brought back different kinds of goods, for example, oil, spices, and fruit, from the Muslim world. These goods caused high demand from Europeans. They wanted these goods more, thus leading to increased trade between Europe and the East, which led to the rise of city states.

While the Nobles and knights left their hometown and went to the Crusade ,They could not control their slaves or serfs as that much before so this phenomenon led to the decreasing or reduce of feudalism

When Pope Urban II called for the first crusade, around 30,000 warriors from Western Europe left their homeland and answered by traveling to the Holy Land. This was caused by religious convictions.Because the Christians believed it was their priority responsibility to rake back the place where they believed Jesus was killed and revived from death, they went to heaven as well. Likewise, Jews and Muslims have religious ties to the region.