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GENDER AND RELIGION - Coggle Diagram

- - - - socialisation - men and women continue to be socialised into different roles. Miller and Hoffmann 1995 suggest that gender socialisation means females are brought up to be more submissive, passive, obedient and nurturing than males, and more included with feelings, cooperation and caring
      - motherhood - women are often expected to be the guardians of family life, to be defenders of tradition in the family and to take on the major responsibilities of looking after the home, family and children. Halman and Draulans 2006 - these roles give women a greater role in the family and take charge of their childrens moral development. Greely 1995 - caring tends to be associated with a more religious outlook and Walter and Davie 1998 see women as more exposed to the ups and downs of life. this is because of their biological involvement through childbirth and through their greater participation in paid caring jobs
      - femininity - Davie 1994 suggests that women associate God with love, comfort and forgiveness, which are linked with traditional femininity and family roles. in contrast, men associate God with power and control - Bruce 1996 suggests that women's socialisation into the nurturing aspects related to traditional femininity, together with their child-bearing/rearing experience makes them less confrontational, less aggressive, less goal orientated, less domineering, more co-operative and more caring
      - life expectancy - women live longer than men, and this means that they are more likely to be widowed and living on their own as they grow older. they may therefore turn to religion as a source of support and comfort and as a means of building support networks in their communities
      - social deprivation and marginality - women are more likely than men to face social deprivation and marginality, and may experience more disillusionment and alienation from wider society. women compared to men are more likely to experience poverty, are more likely to experience personal or family problems more, are often less self-confident, sometimes marginalised and more likely to seek self-improvements and are more likely to be less powerful in a patriarchal society, particularly WC women and women who are isolated in the home and not be in paid employment
      - status frustration - may be experienced by some women, who lack personal fulfilment as a result of being confined to the home by housework and childcare, or are in satisfying lower middle class jobs, which are mainly done by women. religious participants in religious sects or new age cults, may help to overcome or compensate for this