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COGNITIVE BIASES ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOURS - Coggle Diagram
COGNITIVE BIASES
ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOURS
HEURISTICS
Heuristics can be useful when making decisions but can lead to irrational decisions being made
A heuristic can lead to a cognitive bias been formed
Due to it been a shortcut it only focuses on one area
There are different types of heuristics; availability, representativeness and base
Kahneman and Tversky (1973)Heuristics are mental shortcuts that are used when making decisions
REPRESENTATIVENESS
Gambler's fallacy is the belief that if something happens more frequently than normal it will happen less frequently in the future
In Monto Carlo in 1913, one roulette wheel showed a run of black for a record 26 times in succession. Gamblers believed that a red was due and there was a rush to bet on red, leading to lots of money being lost
This refers to the belief that random events have a pattern and a series of events drawn from a small sample should represent what would be found in a larger sample
AVAILABILITY
People make decisions based on how often they hear about something and how available information is rather than actual probability of it occurring
People can overestimate the frequency of certain causes of death if they have experienced it by a close relative or it is commonly reported in the media
The availability heuristic works on the principle that an event is seen as more likely if it is easier to recall from memory
Gamblers may continue as they believe that they are likely to win due to reports in the media of big wins or because others they know have won
THE SUNK-COST FALLACY
If you have invested into something you are likely to continue to do so
If a gambler invests large amounts of money in bets that have not paid off, they will carry on to recoup their losses
This is s decision-making bias that reflects the tendency to invest more future resources in a situation in which a prior investment has been made, as compared with a similar situation in which a prior investment has not been made
Gamblers believe they have invested in fruit machines
REFUTING EVIDENCE
Explanations only provide a description of thought and not a true explanation
An explanation should be able to predict but cognitive biases cannot do this
SUPPORTING EVIDENCE
Griffiths (1994) compared the verbalisation of 30 regular gamblers with 30 non-regular gamblers while they were playing on a fruit machine. He found that regular gamblers showed many more irrational verbalisation than the non-regular gamblers (14% compared to 2.5%)
Joukhador et al (2003) developed a 65-item scale called the Gambling Belief Questionnaire that covers a range of cognitive biases such as gamblers fallacy. They compared the responses between 56 problem gamblers and 52 social gamblers, problem gamblers scored higher