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Beliefs: Topic 4 - CAGE - Coggle Diagram
Beliefs: Topic 4 - CAGE
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GENDER
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Ancient Polythetic Religion -
Female goddesses were worshipped equally with male Gods in Ancient Greece, Rome and Egypt.
Changes in monotheistic religion -
Female Bishops from 2015 Quakers, Unitarians and Baha'is are more gender equal - Aldridge.
Religion as a resistance in patriarchy -
Ahmed, Watson and Woodhead suggest veils are freeing of male gaze and sexual harassment
- Women are more religious than men - Brierley 2005
- Women are more likely to identify as religious - BSAS 2012
- In all major religions, except Sikhism, women are more likely to practice religion - Ferguson & Hussey 2010
- Women have a greater interest and stronger commitment to their religion -Miler & Hoffman 1995
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Linda Woodhead (2004)
Work Centred -
- Women who work in demanding jobs are more likely to secular because they do not have time for religious activities.
- They also cannot relate to the way women are portrayed by many religions.
Jugglers -
- Women who balance work and family life.
- They still seek some sort od spiritual experience or guidance.
- These women are more likely to be involved in NAM which are mare individualistic and require less commitment.
Home Centred -
- Women who tend to stay at home rather than work.
- These women are more likely to engage in traditional religions as they subscribe to to conservative values.
- They may also require the support that the churches offer because they lack status.
Changes in the role of women have changed the way they engage with religion. She identifies types of women with regards to religious participation:
Aune et al (2004)
Changing Role of Women -
With women taking on paid work, it is taking the place of religion as a focus for women, as well as limiting the time they have for religious activities.
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Feminism -
The Feminist movement has led to women questioning the role of women in society as well as in religious organisations.
Changing Family Relationships - Contemporary society has growing diversity in family structures and roles, including changes in living arrangements which are often disapproved of by traditional churches.
CLASS
- Traditional Marxists suggest that religiosity and participation is more prominent in the most deprived of society.
- For these people, religion provides a means of coping with the deprivation and oppression.
- Where as the ruling class use religion as a means of justifying their authority and ideology.
- However, there is not much in the way of reliable data on social class and religiosity due to the complex nature of social class.
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Sects, Cults and New Age Movements
Sects appear to gainthe majority of their support from amongst the most deprived and marginalised groups in society.
Cults tend to attract their membership from a cross section of society including deprived and marginalised groups.
However, Bruce and Heelas suggest that New Age Cults and World Affirming NRM's have more appeal to the more affluent in society due to the consumer nature of the group.
Heelas suggests that New Age Movements are more attractive to Middle Class movements who can afford it.
ETNICITY
- Ethnic minorities tend to be more religious than the ethnic majority in the UK and religious affiliation forms a big part of their ethnic identity.
- Brieley 2013 - Black people are twice as likely to attend church as white people. Muslims, Hindus and Black Christians are more likelyto see religion as important and attend weekly at their place of worship.
- Modood - There is less religiosity amoungst second generation ethnic groups.
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Ethnicity means a category of people who identify with each other based on similarities such as common ancestry, language, history, society, culture or nation.
Ethnic minority means a group of people who are not part of the eithnic majority of a country or nation.
Ethnic identity is when a person asserts their primary identity in terms of their ethnic group or culture to which they belong.
African Caribbean -
- The main religion amoung Afro-Caribbean groups is Christianity
- Afro-Caribbean's made up 17% of those attending church on the average Sunday in 2007.
- Their Christianity had developed mainly in the Pentecostal and charismatic tradition and found tht British churches were boring and quite different to what they were used to so established their own churches.
Asian Groups -
- The main religions of Asians tend to be non Christian, and include Islam, Sikhism and Hinduism.
- This has meant that this ethnic minority has had to establish its own temples, Mosques and places of worship in contemporary Britain.
- Growing up in contemporary Britain has also led to difficulty for these religions to maintain traditional values such as the Hindu Caste System with young people as they have grown up in society of equal opportunities.
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