Unit 3.
Teaching Methods


María Martínez Villar
Lorena Masip Orts
Pau Castañer LLidó

Audio-lingual Method

Grammar Translation Method

Total Physical Response

The Silent Way

Suggestopedia

Communicative
Language Teaching

Direct Method

Community Language Learning

Historical Background

based on the study of grammar and put into practice through word-for-word translation into the native language.

Dates

Late 1800's: Direct Method

Between 1920-1960: Unidirectional situational
language teaching (UK) / Audio-Lingual method (USA)

Method

Background descended from classical languages such as Latin and Greek.

MAIN GOAL

Learning the language in order to know how to read its literature or take benefit from the mental discipline and intellectual development

Characteristics

• Classes are taught in the mother tongue

• Vocabulary is studied in the form of lists of isolated words.

• Grammar is taught from a theoretical point of view

• Content of texts is not considered very important.

• No attention is paid to pronunciation.

Author

Charles Berlitz

a great advocate of the present method, he was the promoter of schools where the Berlitz Method is taught. Nowadays, is known worldwide.

As a consequence of the inability of GTM

teachers began to jump on the bandwagon of the new experimental methods of foreign language learning

BY

trying to make them resemble their native mother tongue.

AREAS

Oral communication

spontaneous use of language

thinking in the target language

Focus on

daily vocabulary and phrases

inductive grammar

questions and answer

demonstrations of everyday conversations

correct pronunciation

Date

WWI

For military reasons

Focused on

Listening skills

Oral skills

QUICK RESULTS

Objetive

create communucative competence

The students take more responsability

Students and teachers

They can express

MUTUAL SUPPORT

Method

grammar and vocabulary taught inductively

"Chunks" of target lenguaje are recorded to listen to it later

Date

1970

By

Caleb Gattegno

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Method

the teacher is quiet most of the time so the students can talk

Mixture of silence and gestures

The students have the responsability of learning

Pronunciation is important.

Date

Late 70's by Georgi Lozanov

Bulgarian psychologist

students don’t develop their maximum capacity when learning a language because they are frightened about not being able to perform well

Focus on

"desuggestion"

is trying to provide the optimal conditions for learning, and for that, is trying to find and create a relaxed state of mind for them to feel confident and get the control of it.

Elements used

dim lighting

comfortable chairs

Baroque music

specific rhythm and a pattern of 60 beats per minute

create a high level of relaxed concentration

increase in alpha brain waves and decrease in blood pressure, helping the intake and retention of material and to acquire the knowledge and the topics

Date and author

James Asher around the 1960s

one of the most popular methods for teaching languages right now

Method

the teacher's actions and language match each other

Main idea

the memory is stimulated and increased when it is closely associated with motor activity

the process involves a substantial amount of listening and comprehension in combination with various

"physical responses"

smiling

reaching

grabbing

looking

is considered like an umbrella approach that has become the accepted norm in the field

The communicative approach seeks to make meaningful communication and language use a focus of all classroom activities.

Method

reaction against the grammar-based approaches such as the audiolingual method and grammar-translation methods of foreign language

that ignored that the goal of language learning is
COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE

Main principles

-Learners learn a language through using it to communicate.

-Authentic and meaningful communication should be the goal of classroom activities.

-Fluency is an important dimension of communication.

-Communication involves the integration of different language skills.

-Learning is a process of creative construction and involves trial and error.