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Poly Halogens - Coggle Diagram
Poly Halogens
Trichloromethane CHCl3
(Chloroform)
Uses
Solvent for fats, alkaloids, iodine and other substances
To produce Freon refrigerant R-22
Previously, was used as general anesthetic in surgery but replaced with less toxic substances like ether
Dangers
900 ppm of CHCl3 can cause dizziness, fatigue and headache
Chronic exposure can damage liver or kidney (as Chloroform is metabolised to Phosgene)
Skin contact can cause sores
Slowly oxidizes in presence of air (oxygen) and light to form Phosgene or Carbonyl Chloride COCl2 (Highly poisonous)
Storage
Stored in dark coloured bottles to keep light out and kept always completely fill to keep air out to avoid dangers of converting to Phosgene
Freons
(ChloroFluoroCarbon compounds
of methane and ethane)
Uses
Aerosol Propellant
Refrigerant
Air Conditioning
Dangers
Release of Freon can effect
radical chain reaction and
can deplete ozone Layer
Preparation of Freon 12
From CCl4 (Tetrachloromethane) using Swarts reaction
DDT (p, p' dichlorodiphenlyltricholoroethane)
Prior usage
Organic insecticide
Mosquito Killer
For Malaria protection
Lice Killer
Paul Muller was awarded Noble Prize for invention in 1939
Dangers
Cannot be metabolized by animals
Leads to deposit in fatty tissues (Bioaccumulation)
Highly toxic to fishes and marines
Highly stable and does not breakdown
Causes harm to environment
DicholoroMethane or
(Methylene Chloride)
Uses
Paint Remover
Propellent in Aerosol
Process Solvent in manufacturing drugs
Metal Cleaning and Polishing Solvent
Dangers
High exposure causes dizziness, nausea, tingling or numbness in fingers or toes
Low exposure can impair vision or hearing
Harms or effects the human central nervous system
Skin contact - causes intense burning and mild redness of skin
Direct contact with eyes - burns cornea
Triiodo Methane
(Iodoform)
Uses
Antiseptic due to liberation of free iodine
Dangers
Bad objectionable smell therefore not used for antispetic nowadays
TetraChloroMethane
(Carbon Tetrachloride CCl4)
Uses
Refrigerant
Propellant for aerosol cans
To synthesize ChloroFluoroCarbons and other chemicals
Earlier usage
as cleaning fluid and degreasing liquid
Fireextinguisher
Spot or Stain Remover
Dangers
Evidence show causes Liver damage
Dizziness, light-headedness, nausea, vomitting
Permanent damage to nerve cells
Severe effects cause stupor, coma, unconsciousness or death
Effects irregular heartbeat or can even stop
Irritate the eyes
Depletes the ozone layer when released to air causing higher UV radiation