energy trends
demand
why do we study energy trends?
we need to understand the effect of burning fossil fuels on our environment
they influence global economies because they are transported and utilized all around the world
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1- Rapid population growth rate --> demand higher
2- industrialization and urbanization ; shift from urban to rural ; technological innovations --> higher demand
how to reduce it ?
control population growth
population demand: average demand by person x nb of persons
3- high GDP per capita --> higher demand
high standards of living and availability of enery
disadvantage: transition to low carbon is more challenging
more economic wealth and growth --> more energy
4- energy intensity
measure the quantity of energy to produce one output
measure the energy inefficiency of an economy
Primary energy sources per capita per year/ GDP per capita
energy for heat, transportation and electricity
intensity increase (a lot of energy to produce) , efficiency decrease
intensity decrease(few energy to produce), efficiency increase
energy consumption
Global energy consumption is still
on rise and has increased nearly every year
moments of decrease
wars
economic/ financial crisis
health crisis (covid)
decreased in 2020 to reincrease highly in 2021
consumption mainly from fossil fuels (85%), and the others clean energy and renewable (15%)
developed/developing countries consume more than poor countries
consumption of the country is high --> consumption per person s high
energy generation
high energy generation will lead to high energy consumption
differ from countries to another some may have sharp increase (China) , others may have minor increases (France)
the $ of energy in exporting countries are lower than importing countries
energy investment
investment in clean energy/ renewable energy globally is increasing
China especially
Despite investment into alternative energies,
oil is still the world’s most traded commodity
exporting countries take revenues from oils, so it won't accept shifting to renewables
Trade
importing countries have a weak position/ at a threat
exporters decide to stop exporting
Russia and the Ukraine war
venzuela, russia, iran OIL