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C8 The rate and extent of chemical change - Coggle Diagram
C8 The rate and extent of chemical change
Calculating rates of reaction
calculate the mean rate of a reaction from given information about the quantity of a reactant used or the quantity of a product formed and the time taken
rate (g/s or cm3/s) = quantity of reactant/product / time
draw tangents to the curves on these graphs and use the slope of the tangent as a measure of the rate of reaction
calculate the gradient of a tangent to the curve on these
graphs as a measure of rate of reaction at a specific time
Recall how each of these factors affects the rates of chemical reactions
concentration of reactants
pressure of reacting gases
surface area of solid reactants
temperature
presence of a catalyst
Required practical 11
: investigate how changes in concentration affect the rates of reactions
By a method involving measuring the
volume of gas produced
By a method involving a change in
colour or turbidity
Collision theory and activation energy
what is
collision theory
?
what is
activation energy
?
how do increases in the concentration of reactants in solution, the pressure of reacting gases, and the surface area of solid reactants, increase rate?
how does increasing the temperature increase the rate?
Catalysts
label the reaction profile
what is a catalyst?
explain catalytic action in terms of
activation energy
what is a
reversible reaction
?
give an example of a reversible reaction that is both
exothermic
and
endothermic
equilibrium
what is meant by
equilibrium
in terms of chemical reactions and when is it reached?
if the equilibrium lies to the
right
, what does this mean?
if the equilibrium lies to the
left
, what does this mean?
what is
Le Chatelier's principle
?
The effect of changing
concentration
on equilibrium
how does
increasing the concentration of reactants
affect the concentration of products?
how does
decreasing the concentration of products
affect the concentration of reactants?
The effect of
temperature
changes on equilibrium
increasing
temperature
how are
products
affected for an
endothermic
reaction? eg N2+ 3H2 >/< 2NH3
how are
products
affected for an
exothermic
reaction? eg N2+ 3H2 >/< 2NH3
decreasing
temperature
how are
products
affected for an
endothermic
reaction? eg N2+ 3H2 >/< 2NH3
how are
products
affected for an
exothermic
reaction? eg N2+ 3H2 >/< 2NH3
The effect of
pressure
changes on equilibrium involving gases
how does an
increase
in pressure affect equilibrium? eg N2+ 3H2 >/< 2NH3
how does an
decrease
in pressure affect equilibrium? eg N2+ 3H2 >/< 2NH3
