SDG7
Target 7.1
Universal access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all by 2030
indicator 1: electrification
indicator 2: access to clean energy sources
the proportion of the population with accessibility to electricity
the proportion of the population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technologies for cooking
1- global access to electricity has increased
however, 20 countries with 76% of the global population do not have access to electricity
example: Africa- subsahran : congo, ethiopia, nigeria
2- developed and developing
countries
developing countries showed progress in electrification, however some have even reached their targets as developed countries
3- GDP and electrification
GDP high, access to electricity high
4- Urban vs Rural
urban areas have access to electricity more than rural areas
CHALLENGE:
Gain in accessibility are moving too slow can't reach the goal in 2030
why? population is increasing
1- if no clean fuel, rely on traditional uses
2- to avoid indoor air pollution we need to transition toward more clean sources
SOLID FUELS: biomass, kerosene, coal
indoor air pollution
NON SOLID FUELS: natural gas, ethanol, electricity
3- globally access has been increasing
even though access remains low
urban have more access than rural
decreasing but still high
4- income is a determinant of energy access
poor/ low income depend on solid fuels
respiratory disease
premature death
6% of deaths in low income countries are from indoor air pollution
older than 70 years
IMAGE
Target 2
indicator: renewable energy
increase the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix
measure renewable energy as a share of final energy consumption rather than primary
primary: what we demand
final: what we actuallyt use
solar, wind, geothermic, hydropower, bioenergy (modern biofuel)
traditional biofuel
energy source in low income countries
africa
brazil
rely highly on renewable energy
Target 7.3
double the global rate improvement in energy efficiency
indicator: energy intensity measured in terms of primary energy and GDP
energy intensity: how much energy is used to produce one unit of output
energy intensity is increasing which means energy efficiency is increasing
Target 7A : promote access, technology and investment in clean energy
target 7B: expand and upgrade energy services for developing countries
indicator: access and investment in clean energy
international financial flows to developing countries in support of clean energy research
and development and renewable energy production
indicator: installed renewable energy-generating capacity in developing countries