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respiratory system - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Hair like projectors that catch microbes or debris before going to the lungs
- - - - Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen, it is the process which cells create energy with oxygen and food
    - - anaerobic respiration occurs when there is no oxygen present, it is less efficient that aerobic respiration and producess less energy
      - glucose --> carbon dioxide (plants only) + lactic acid(animals)/ ethanol(plants) + ATP
      - C6H12O6 --> 2CO2 + 2C2H5OH + ATP(plants)/ 2C3H6O3 + ATP(animals)
      - lactic acid will be broken do to produce water and carbon dioxide, the amount of oxygen needed for this is called oxygen debt
      - the process of creating ethanol is called fermentation.
- - - - The diaohragm flattens as the rib cage is moved upwards and outwards
        
        The volume of the chest cavity increases
        
        The pressure inside the chest cavity decreases
        
        Air is dawn into the lungs to equalize the pressure inside and outside the chest cavity
  - - - the diaphragm s pushed upwards by the liver and stomach as the rib-cage drops downwards and inwards
        
        The volume of the chest cavity decreases
        
        The pressure inside the chest cavity increase
        
        Air is pushed out of the lungs to equalize the pressure inside and outside the chest cavity
  - - - 3.Oxygen is carried by the blood to the respiring body cells
        
        The respiring cells release carbon dioxide into the blood stream
        
        Wasted carbon dioxide is carried by the blood to the lungs for removal
        
        Waste carbon dioxide moves from the blood into the air in the air sacs
        
        Exhaled oxygen contains about 17 % oxygen and 4% carbon dioxide
        
        this is the process of gaseous exchange
- - - - narrows clood vessels leading to increased blood pressure
      - increases heart rate
      - can cause blood clots leading to heart attacks or strocke
      - addictive
    - - binds irreversibly to heamoblobin, reduces capacity of blood catty oxygen
      - breathing frequancy and depth need to increase
      - increase risk of coronary heart desease and strokes
    - - contributes to COPD
      - chronic bronchitis which simulares goblet cells and mocus glands to enlarge, producing more mucus
      - it is a cancerigen element
      - destroys cillia and mucus
      - emphysema develops as a result of frequent infection, phagocytes that enter the lungs release elastase, an enzyme that breaks down the elastic fibres in the alveoli, this causes less elastic alveoli, reduces surface area for gas exchange
  - - - a group of lung conditions whic cause breathing difficulties
    - - fatty deposits narrow the coronary arteries, this occludes the blood supply to the heart
    - - A development of a tumor which blocks the airways