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Edward VI, Government
1550 Northumberland became Lord president of the…
Edward VI
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Religion
Northumberland
RADICAL reforms
- 1552 Second Book of Common Prayer - Zwinglian Eucharistic declaration
- 1553 - Forty Two Articles (Cranmer) - define doctrine of church of England
MODERATE Reforms
- 1550 altars abolished and replaced by communion tables
-1550 Ordinal - greater emphasise on priest's role as pastor/teacher
- 1550 - destruction of all old catholic service books, by burning
- 1551 liquidation of property of parish churches
Conservative issue
- 1549 - Gardiner wanted to make an interpretaton of the book of common prayer, to show its compatibility with catholic theology of mass
- Gardiner refused to a series of articles, order by King
- Gardiner removed in 1551
Somerset
Chantries Act 1547
- Commissioners sent out 1548 to chantries, to confiscate land and property
- silver and gold melted to make coins (economic - contributed to inflation)
Act of Six Articles
- reaffirmed catholic doctrine
- execution of John Lambert, who refused Transubstantiation
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1547 - clergy were ordered: services in english, preach every sunday, english bible, removal of superstitious images and statues(iconoclasm)
1549 Act of Uniformity
- sacraments, priest marriage, services in English, no prayer for the dead
- First Book of common prayer
Government
Somerset
Foreign Policy
- 1547 invaded Scotland
- Won the battle pinkie cleugh
- FAILED - Naval blockade broken by French, which reinforced Auld Alliance
- Unable to prevent MQS marriage to Dauphin
Economic
- Debasement of the coinage (war) - raised £537,000
- Dissolution of Chantries
- 1550- Treaty of Boulogne - Boulogne sold to France for £133,333
Social
- Inflation due to debasement of the coinage
- 1948 bad harvests
- John Hales enforced legislation against enclosures
- Sheep tax - increased pressure on small farmers
- 1949 rebellions and unrest
- Pop increased by 700,000 from 1520-1550
Government
- Dictatorial manner
- bypassed council advisors
- Treason Act 1547 - repealed old heresy, treason and censorship laws
- widespread debate over religion
- attacks on Catholicism
- Repealed Proclamation Act 1539 - royal proclamations don't have to be obeyed
- However, were were still heavily used - use on avg 19 times a yr, compared to Henry VIII used it 6 times a yr
- Thomas Seymour (bro) threat to his power - tried to use Ed's vulnerability to displace Somerset by giving Edward a sense of scope of royal authority
- 1549 - Thomas charged with treason
Rise to power
- Married Catherine Parr to cement ties to royalty
- Wriothesley was Lord chancellor and controlled the Great Seal of England
- Wriothesley refused to use seal, so that Somerset would gain supreme authority
- Somerset accused Wriothesley of abusing his power
- Wriothesley was persuaded to resign from the privy council and surrender the great seal
- William Paulet gained custody of the Great Seal - able to sanction own appointment of Lord Protector
Northumberland
Foreign Policy
- Treaty of Boulogne 1550 - ended expenditure on Boulogne
- recieved £133,333 from french
- Abandoned the remaining scottish garrisons
Economy
- Ended war against Scot and Fr - reduced crown expenditure
- William Cecil + Sir Walter Mild May - reorganised the crown finances
- stricter accounting procedures, such as revenue courts
- Deflamation approach - reduced price of basic foodstuffs
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Power
- limited power because Edward was growing very mature and had clear understanding of government
- Always need Edward to complete a task - undermined by king
Government
- 1550 Northumberland became Lord president of the council - asserted control over royal household
- Paget removed, in tower
- Removed Wriothesley, Gardiner, Bishop Bonnar and conservatives
- Input protestants - Ridley +Scory
- Sir John Gates controlled dry tamp
- 1551 Somerset re-admitted into courts - FAILED, as he tried to plot against Northumberland
- 1552 - arrested + executed
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