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multi store model of memory - Coggle Diagram
multi store model of memory
proposed by Atkinson and shiffrin- sees memory as a sequential transfer of information in a linear way through three separate and unitary stores.
Information received through the senses enters the sensory register. is modality-specific (whichever sense is registered will match the way it is consequently held). This information is held for up to 250 milliseconds and will then decay quickly if it is not attended to. If the information held in the sensory store is attended to it will be transferred to the short-term memory store. Information can remain in short-term memory if it is rehearsed but it cannot stay there for long. Here information can be easily forgotten due to the limited capacity and duration of the STM. Maintenance rehearsal via the rehearsal loop helps to maintain information in the STM, and consolidate it to LTM. Information can be transferred permanently to the long-term store if it is rehearsed enough usually by giving meaning (elaborative rehearsal) and can be retrieved when needed.
evaluation
strength- is support for idea stm and ltm are separate stores as located in diff areas of the brain. brain scans revealed stm located in pre-frontal cortex and ltm in hippocampus. further support from HM case study who had hippocampus removed and was unable to form new ltm but stm not affected.
limitation- contradictory evidence from Clive wearing which suggests ltm more complicated than unitary store as was still able to play the piano but unable to recognise old college photos. suggests distinction in ltm between procedural, episodic and semantic memories so stores not unitary
capacity
sensory register
sperling- suggests capacity of sensory register is unlimited
STM
jacobs- serial digit span technique. concluded capacity of STM is 7+/-2
LTM
research suggests capacity of ltm unlimited, however possible to lose data from ltm through decay and interference
duration
sensory register
sperling- found duration is 250 milliseconds
STM
Peterson+ Peterson used brown Peterson technique (consonant trigram and used interference task of counting backwards to prevent rehearsal). concluded duration of STM is 18-30 seconds
LTM
Bahrick- college yearbook photos. suggests memory for name and faces is long lasting
coding
STM
Baddley- identified errors in recall of semantically similar and semantically dissimilar words and errors in the recall. recalled list immediately as testing stm. suggests info in stm coded according to sound as similar sounding info conflicted with each other
LTM
recalled list after 20 mins- found recall worse for semantically similar words suggesting info in ltm coded according to meaning
sensory register
modality specific- whichever sense is registered will match the way it is consequently held (for instance, a taste held as a taste)