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Terminology of Eukaryot, Prokaryot and Virus in Oral Cavity, Specific/ Non…
Terminology of Eukaryot, Prokaryot and Virus in Oral Cavity, Specific/ Non-specific, Plaque Hypothesis and Ecological Polymicrobial Hypothesis
Nasywa Azzahra Sudaryono - 2306173731
Factors that influence the composition of microorganism in oral biofilm
Nutritional factors: substances that are found naturally, exogenous nutrients, availability of nutrients, microbial competition
Spatial factors: dental implants, gingival tissue, teeth, restorative materials, local microenvironment
Physico-chemical: humidity, salivary pH, temperature, potential of redox, proteins and enzymes that change the environment
Host-related elements: integrity of mucosa and teeth, desquamation of cells, saliva and its microbial properties, sucking, chewing, suctioning
Oral habitat and oral biofilm
Oral habitat: our oral cavity as the home to a diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms, collectively known as the oral microbiota
Oral biofilm: or dental plaque, is a complex population of bacteria that stick to the surfaces of teeth and other oral structures, consists of tiny bacterial colonies enclosed in an extracellular matrix.
Terminology of eukaryotes, prokaryotes, viruses (from low to high)
Prokaryotes
Species: A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
Genus: A group of closely related species that share common characteristics.
Family: A group of related genera
Order: A group of related families
Class: A group of related orders
Phylum: A group of related classes
Domain: The highest rank in prokaryotic taxonomy
Eukaryotes
Cell: Fundamental unit of life
Organelle: Specialized cell formations that carry out particular tasks.
Tissue: A group of related cells that cooperate to carry out a particular task.
Organ: Composed of various tissues cooperating to carry out a particular task.
Organ System: A collection of organs that cooperate to carry out a specific task.
Organism: A single living being, made up of one or more cells, with the ability to perform every function of life.
Viruses
Species
Genus
Family
Order
Class
Phylum
Kingdom
Microorganism as source of antigen
Microorganisms cells make antigen and as a source of antigen they make protein
Antigen is called as pathogen because they trigger host response, but not all proteins triggers a host response
Antigen: a microbe or pathogen infiltrates the body perceived as a threat by the immune system, prompting it to initiate a defensive response
Opportunistic microorganism
They lay dormant for long periods of time until the hosts’ immune system is suppressed and then they seize the opportunity to attack
These pathogens Induce diseases that they wouldn't typically cause under normal circumstances
Non-pathogenic microorganisms that act as a pathogen in certain circumstances
Microorganism virulence factors and example related to oral diseases
Factors: acid production, biofilm formation, adhesion molecules, acid tolerance, extracellular enzymes, production of toxins
Example: contributes to damage in gums by using gingipains enzymes that break down tissue
Factors related to oral mucosa infection: adhesion, invasion, proteases, hemolysis, leukotoxins, fimbriae, capsule, lipopolysaccharides, outer membrane vesicles
Dental pellicle
A thin layer of proteins that forms on the surface of the teeth, including enamel and dentin, as well as artificial crowns and bridges.
Created by the selective binding of glycoproteins from saliva
Acts as natural barrier, helps prevent continuous deposition of salivary calcium phosphate
