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8.01 HUMANISM AND KNOWLEDGE, image, image, image, image, image, image,…
8.01 HUMANISM AND KNOWLEDGE
1 HUMANISM
A cultural movemet
It began in the 14th century
It developed fully in 15 and 16th centuries in the rich city states of the northern part of the Italian Peninsula
Humanists developed an anthropocentric world view
The main characteristics of Humanism are:
ANTHROPOCENTRISM
Humans were considered capable of making decisions using reason and intelligence
THE REVIVAL OF ANTIQUITY
Humanist scholars Petrach and Giovvani Boccaccio revised classical thinking in order to make it compatible with Christian values
THE LOVE OF KNOWLEDGE
Humanists encouraged the use of Latin and Greek
The most well known academy was in Florence
Sponsored by the Medici family
This academy brought together great 15th-century thinkers
Other important humanists from outside Florence were:
ERASMUS OF ROTTERDAM
SIR THOMAS MORE
CARDINAL CISNEROS
2 THE SPREAD OF KNOWLEDGE
THE PRINTING PRESS
Around 1440 Johannes Gutenberg invented the movable-type printing press
Advantages:
Books could be produced more easily and ideas spread more quickly
It improved literacy
Intellectual life was no longer restricted to monasteries and universities
SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE
Thinkers and academies were interested in understanding the world
They revived the observation and experimentation
The aim was to find a well-reasoned explanation for natural phenomena
The greatest changes were in the following scientific disciplines:
ASTRONOMY
Nicolas Copernicus developed the heliocentric theory
They discovered that the geocentric theory wasn't true because after the emprical evidence, the discovered that the heliocentric theory was the true one
MEDICINE
The following advances were made:
The treaty of anatomy by Vesalius
Te development of pharmacology by Swiss physican Paracelsus
In the 17th the microscope was invented
The needed te microacope to advance in clinical and medical research
GEOGRAPHY
It was established that the Earth was spherical
Maps were created based on the world map drawn by Gerardus Mecator, in 1569
Staright lines which were called meridians and parallels were used to locate any point in the world
Heliocentric theory
Geocentric theory
