Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Biological - Coggle Diagram

- - - - everything we are aware of; mental processing that we can think + talk about rationally
    - - ordinary memory;
        not consciously aware of this information at any given time, but can retrieve it/ pull it into consciousness when needed
    - - feelings, thoughts, urges, memories outside of conscious awareness;
        contents of unconscious are unacceptable/ unpleasant; influences behaviour, even though we are unaware of underlying influences;
  - - - Ego aims to channel these urges within the constraints set by the super-ego which are morals and values provided by parents and society
    - - Until the super-ego is fully formed at age 5, children have no internalised moral standards = aggression
    - - Id seeks urgent satisfaction, when this does not happen, aggressive urges emerge
    - - individual is selfish
        and uncaring, full of uncontrolled aggression;
        
        crime + aggression attributed to a harsh, weak, deviant superego, leading to an imbalance between the id, ego, superego
    - - people with strong superegos generally law abiding, but some may engage in aggressive acts such as property crime
        
        unconscious desire for immediate gratification led to feelings of guilt that the individual unconsciously desires to be punished, so commits a crime.
  - - - Repression- ego stops disturbing or threatening thoughts from becoming conscious;
        
        Rationalisation- attributing one's own unacceptable feelings + thoughts to others, not yourself;
        
        Regression- creating false excuses for one's unacceptable behaviours/ thoughts/ feelings;
        
        Projection- reverting to immature behaviour from an earlier stage of development
    - - must employ defence mechanisms allowing urges of id to be channelled in socially acceptable ways
  - - - repressed ideas brought into conscious mind, feelings are released, releasing energy that was used up meaning the person is 'freed’ from those emotions/ thoughts.
      - can be seen as a way of venting aggression, could be through watching aggression on television/ by watching others being aggressive.
      - release of stress in a physical sense
    - - 652 boys, 8-18 yrs old, living in residential institutions- 3 private schools + 2 boys homes;
        randomly divided in 2 groups- first group watched only violent programs for 6 weeks, second group watched only non-violent video programs;
        boys watching non-violent media showed more aggression than other group; result interpreted as evidence for catharsis view of aggression- those who watched violent video programs could ‘let off steam’ safely by empathising with the violence;
        those who watched non-violent programs didn't have this opportunity, leading to express their feelings in actual physical aggression
- - - - Alpers 1937- studied well liked, mild mannered, middle aged lawyer who was shown to have a tumor in the brain
    - - Phineas Gage 1848
        
        Gage suffered from an accident in which an iron rod was driven through his head and damaged the frontal cortex of the brain. Whilst laying new railway tracks some gunpowder exploded, launching a 3cm thick 90cm long iron bar through his face, skull and brain and out the other side. Gage survived, but remained a changed man. Before accident- responsible, intelligent, socially well-adapted person who was liked by others; became irreverent and impulsive; his abundant profanity and obscene language offended many, so much so that he lost his job;
      - Charles Whitman 1966