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Roles of organisations in providing health and social care services -…
Roles of organisations in providing health and social care services
Public sector
National Health Services provide
Primary health care: care provided by doctors, dentists and opticians for example
Secondary health care: care which includes most hospital services, normally accessed via the GP or other professional
Tertiary health care: specialist and often complex care provided in highly specialised units and hospitals, for example spinal injury units
NHS Foundation Trusts: health services, largely financed by government that manage the delivery of hospital services, many mental health services and community health services in England
Mental health services may be provided through GPs, or support may be needed from more specialist service providers e.g. counsellors, psychologists or psychiatrists
Normally provided by Mental Health Foundation Trusts
Community Health Foundation Trusts work with GPs and local authority social services departments to provide health and care support. May include:
Adult and community nursing services
Health visiting and school nursing
Physiotherapy and occupational therapy and speech therapy services
Palliative (specialist care for people with serious illnesses, which aims to provide relief from symptoms and to reduce stress for patients and their families)/end of life care
Walk in/urgent care centres
Specialist services, such as managing diabetes, sexual health or contraceptive services
Adult social care
For people over 18 who have disabilities , mental health problems or who are otherwise frail
Responsibility of local authority social service departments include:
Residential care for older people, people with disabilities and people suffering from mental illness
Day centres to provide care, stimulation and company
Care in the service user's own home - such as help with cooking, cleaning, shopping and a wide range or other personal daily needs
Sheltered housing schemes
Respite care or short-term residential care provided principally to give families caring at home a rest and a break from their responsibilities
Training centres for adults with learning difficulties
GP practices
First point of access to health and care provision
Extensive knowledge of medical conditions
Work closely with education services, local authority social services and the police
Take into account
The age of their patients
Their gender
Levels of morbidity (the level of ill-health in a particular area, in this case the GP practice area) and mortality (the death rate in a particular area) in the area
The number of people who live in residential or nursing homes - this generates a higher workload
Patient turnover - newer patients generate more work than established patients
GP practices receive further payments for the NHS for the following
If they are deemed to give a high quality service
For certain additional services they may provide, such as flu immunisations
For seniority, based on a GP's length of service
To support the cost of suitable premises and other necessary equipment, such as computers
To cover additional costs in the GP practice also dispenses medicines
Children' services
Collaboration with NHS and education services
Responsibility of local authories
Support and protect vulnerable children and young people, their families and also young carers
Support for children and their families can include:
Arrangements for fostering and adoption
Services to safeguard children who are at risk from abuse or significant harm, including sexual, physical, emotional harm or neglect
Day care for children under 5 years old, and after-school support for older children
Help for parents and carers with 'parenting skills'
Practical help in the home
Support of a children's centre
Voluntary sector
Charities including
Shelter
NSPCC
Samaritans
Rely heavily on charitable donations for their survival but may also receive support from central or local government
Key features of a voluntary organisation are that they:
Are not run for personal profit, any surplus income is used to develop their services
Are managed independently of central government or local authorities
Usually uses volunteers for at least some of their services
NCVO (National Council for Voluntary Organisations) is the body that supports and promotes the work of the voluntary sector - over 12,000 members that range from the smallest community group to the largest of the very well-known charities
Private sector
Managed by commercial companies
Need to make a profit in order to stay in business
Including the provision of:
Private schools
Nursery and pre-school services
Hospitals
Domicilary day care services
Residential and nursing homes for older people
Mental health services
Often provide services for central government and local authorities, including services for the NHS, adult social care and children's services
Funded by:
Fees paid directly by service users
Payments from health insurance companies such as Bupa, Saga or AZA - many people who choose private healthcare will subscribe to a health insurance scheme
Grants and other payments from central and local government for services provided on their behalf