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Hinduism - Coggle Diagram
Hinduism
SACRED TEXT
The Vedas
Rig Veda- contains hymns about mythology
Passed down orally until they were written in the Sanskrit during 1500-500 BC.
Sama Veda- hymns about religious rituals
Yajur Veda- instructions for religious rituals
Atharva Veda- spells against enemies, sorcerers, and diseases
Shruti- refers to the fact that these texts were originally transmitted orally from generation to generation.
Smriti- refers to texts that are based on human memory and are considered to be a secondary source of authority compared to Shruti
MODERN DAY HINDUISM
Secularization- becoming more atheist/agnostic/do not believe in a faith system
Westernization- the process of adopting ideas and behavior that are typical of Europe and North America, rather than preserving the ideas and behavior traditional in their culture.
Globalization- the term used to describe how trade and technology have made the world into a more connected and interdependent place.
Discrimination- the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people.
Human Rights- moral principles or norms for certain standards of human behavior and are regularly protected in international law
CASTE SYSTEM
A fixed social group into which an individual is born within a particular system of social stratification.
Purpose- to create an economic and social closed system to prevent corruption of a country's culture.
Each level of the caste system is also meant to be symbolic of the different body parts of Brahma (the Hindu God of creation.
Brahmins= head
Kshatriyas= arms
Vaishyas= thighs
Shudras= feet
Untouchables= the ground
Modern Beliefs: Many lower caste groups/socialists believe the system is discriminatory as it encourages negative treatment towards lower classes.
LAWS OF MANU
The Laws of Manu form a towering work of Hindu philosophy. Composed by many Brahmin priests, this is an extraordinary, encyclopaedic representation of human life in the world, and how it should be lived.
A blend of both religious and secular law
Deals with topics such as the sacraments and study of the Vedas (the sacred texts of Hinduism), the behavior of wives and women, and the laws of kings, among other subjects.
Criticised as discriminatory.
Smriti texts because it is considered to be composed by humans, it is subject to changing views and interpretation over time.
FOUR ASHRAMAS
Brahmacharya (student)- involves young males leaving home to study the Vedic texts under the guidance of a guru and living a life of self-discipline.
Gṛhastha (householder)- gives to charity, offers hospitality to guests, provides a well-organised house, care for ages parents, organise religious rites, raise children, prepare food, clean etc.
Vanaprastha (forest walker/forest dweller)- becoming detached from the world and material concerns, devoting time to solitude, studying the scriptures, and practicing meditation.
Sannyasa (renunciate)- devoting one’s life to liberation or moksha
BRAHMIN
Priests/spiritual teachers (highest level(
KSHATRIYAS
Defenders and rulers of society
VAISHYAS
Play a role in productive labor, agricultural tasks, and trading
SHUDRAS
Peasants and artisans
DALITS/UNTOUCHABLE
