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structure and bonding - Coggle Diagram
structures
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simple molecular
Simple molecular structures are always non-metals and have intermolecular forces and covalent bonds( share electrons)
properties
low melting and boiling point as the weak intermolecular bonds don't require a lot of energy to break
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giant ionic
compounds of metal and non-metals, they are formed by ionic bonds ( pass electrons)
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covalent bonds
simple molecular
molecules with strong molecular bonds within them, and weak intermolecular forces of attraction between them
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Water at 25 ºC is a liquid. It is a simple molecular substance so is made of molecules of H2O with strong covalent bonds between the atoms but there are waek intermolecular :recycle: forces between the molecules. The particles in a liquid are touching but disorganised
When water is boiled most of the intermolecular forces are broken. The molecules are separated from each other and move quickly and randomly. Non of the covalent bonds in the molecules are broken, each molecules is still made of 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen atoms. *
1.As the relative molecular mass of a substance increases, the melting and boiling point will increase as well
2.An increase in the relative molecular mass means that the molecule is bigger meaning that the forces can operate on a larger surface meaning that the forces will be stronger
3.So larger amounts of heat energy are needed to overcome these forces and bonds, causing the compound to have a higher melting and boiling point
Link Title
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giant covalent
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when a giant covalent substance is a solid the atoms are connected together by strong covalent bonds. There is a giant lattice of many atoms connect together
When a giant covalent substance is boiled the bonds are broken and the atms are all separated. A really high temperature is needed to do this because the bonds are strong
carbon molecules
graphite
properties
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conducts elecricity
delocalised electron free to move, it carries energy
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fullerene (60C)
properites
low melting point
due to weak intermolecular bonds joining each molecule the substance doesn't need a lot of energy to be molten or boil
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when covalent bonds are formed, the atoms share pair of electrons, the atoms do this so that the outer shell of electrons is full
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ionic bonds
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an ionic bond is the electrostatic atraction between oppositly charged ions. Such a bond forms when the balence (outermost) electrons of one atom are transferred permanently to another atom.
Ions are particles that have a different number of protons and electrons. Ions are electrically charged. Ions can be formed when a metal reacts with a non-metal. Metal atoms lose electrons to form positive ions. Non metals gains electrons to form negative ions
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