Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Osteoporosis - Coggle Diagram
Osteoporosis
Diagnosis
Bone Mineral Density (BMD) Testing
DEXA scan
T-score interpretation
Laboratory Tests
Calcium and vitamin D levels
Thyroid function tests
Kidney function tests
Risk Assessment Tools
FRAX (Fracture Risk Assessment Tool)
Clinical risk factors
Treatment
Pharmacological Interventions
Bisphosphonates
Denosumab
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
Supplements
Calcium
Vitamin D
Lifestyle Modifications
Weight-bearing exercises
Fall prevention strategies
Prevention
Nutrition
Adequate calcium and vitamin D intake
Balanced diet
Exercise
Weight-bearing
Muscle-strengthening
Lifestyle Adjustments
Smoking cessation
Alcohol moderation
Pathophysiology
Bone Remodeling Imbalance
Decreased osteoblast activity
Increased osteoclast activity
Bone Density Reduction
Trabecular (spongy) bone
Cortical (compact) bone
Risk Factors
Non-Modifiable
Advanced age
Female gender
Genetic predisposition
Modifiable
Calcium and vitamin D deficiency
Sedentary lifestyle
Smoking and alcohol use
Clinical Presentation
Symptoms
Often asymptomatic until fracture
Height loss, back pain
Fracture Sites
Hip
Spine
Wrist