Concept Map: 09 Respiratory System
Damani Polk Period 2 Anatomy

Major functions of the respiratory system

Upper respiratory structures and functions

Lower respiratory structures and functions

Layers of the pleurae

Compare and contrast the mechanism of inspiration and expiration

Volume and Pressure relationships in thoracic cavity

Respiratory volumes and capacities

Internal vs. external respiration

Disorders of the respiratory system

click to edit

Asthma

Chronic Bronchitis

Emphysema

Lung Cancer

Cystic Fibrosis/Bronchiectasis

Pneumonia

click to edit

click to edit

Gas Exchange – oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Breathing – movement of air.

Sound Production.

Olfactory Assistance – sense of smell.

Protection – from dust and microbes entering body through mucus production, cilia, and coughing

The outer layer is called the parietal pleura and attaches to the chest wall. The inner layer is called the visceral pleura and covers the lungs

Increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity causes a decrease in the intrathoracic pressure and an influx of air

Decreasing the volume of the thoracic cavity generally occurs by the relaxation of the muscles of inspiration

External respiration is the exchange of gases with the external environment, and occurs in the alveoli of the lungs.

Internal respiration is the exchange of gases with the internal environment, and occurs in the tissues

Trachea -allow passage of inspired and expired air into and out of the lung (lies between the esophagus)

Bronchi - Passageways for air, bringing oxygen into the lungs and expelling carbon dioxide (two large tubes that carry air from the windpipe)

Alveoli - lungs and the blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process of breathing in and breathing out.

Voice box (larynx)

Windpipe (trachea)

Lungs.

Airways (bronchi and bronchioles)

Air sacs (alveoli)

nose or nostrils, nasal cavity, mouth, throat (pharynx), and voice box (larynx)

Inspiration occurs when the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles contract. Expiration occurs when the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles relax