Concept Map: 09 Respiratory System
Damani Polk Period 2 Anatomy
Major functions of the respiratory system
Upper respiratory structures and functions
Lower respiratory structures and functions
Layers of the pleurae
Compare and contrast the mechanism of inspiration and expiration
Volume and Pressure relationships in thoracic cavity
Respiratory volumes and capacities
Internal vs. external respiration
Disorders of the respiratory system
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Asthma
Chronic Bronchitis
Emphysema
Lung Cancer
Cystic Fibrosis/Bronchiectasis
Pneumonia
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Gas Exchange – oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Breathing – movement of air.
Sound Production.
Olfactory Assistance – sense of smell.
Protection – from dust and microbes entering body through mucus production, cilia, and coughing
The outer layer is called the parietal pleura and attaches to the chest wall. The inner layer is called the visceral pleura and covers the lungs
Increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity causes a decrease in the intrathoracic pressure and an influx of air
Decreasing the volume of the thoracic cavity generally occurs by the relaxation of the muscles of inspiration
External respiration is the exchange of gases with the external environment, and occurs in the alveoli of the lungs.
Internal respiration is the exchange of gases with the internal environment, and occurs in the tissues
Trachea -allow passage of inspired and expired air into and out of the lung (lies between the esophagus)
Bronchi - Passageways for air, bringing oxygen into the lungs and expelling carbon dioxide (two large tubes that carry air from the windpipe)
Alveoli - lungs and the blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process of breathing in and breathing out.
Voice box (larynx)
Windpipe (trachea)
Lungs.
Airways (bronchi and bronchioles)
Air sacs (alveoli)
nose or nostrils, nasal cavity, mouth, throat (pharynx), and voice box (larynx)
Inspiration occurs when the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles contract. Expiration occurs when the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles relax