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Respiratory System P.2 Josue Lopez - Coggle Diagram
Respiratory System P.2 Josue Lopez
Major Functions of the Respiratory System
brings oxygen into our bodies through inspiration/inhalation
send carbon dioxide out through expiration/exhalation
allows us to breathe/respiration
this exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide is called respiration
Upper Respiratory Structures & Functions
Throat (Pharynx)
: acts as the passageway for air, food and liquid
Voice Box (Larynx)
: protect the lower respiratory tract from aspirating food into the trachea while breathing
Nasal Cavity
: filter and warm the air, making it moist before it goes into the lungs
Mouth
: used for eating and speaking
Nose/Nostrils
: allows air to enter your body, then filters debris, and then warms/moistens the air
Lower Respiratory Structures & Functions
Bronchi
: distribute the air throughout the lungs until reaching the respiratory branchioles and alveolar ducts
Bronchioles
: to deliver air to a diffuse network of around
Lungs
: allows oxygen in the air to be taken into the body, while also helping body get rid of carbon dioxide in the air
Alevoli
: where the lungs and the blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process of breathing in and breathing out
Trachea (windpipe)
: carry oxygen rich air into your lungs and carry carbon dioxide outside of your lungs
Layers of the Pleurae
Visceral Pleura
: inner layer, wraps around the lungs and is stuck so tightly to the lungs that it cannot be peeled off
Parietal Pleura
: outer layer, lines the inside of the chest wall; covers the inside of the thoracic, mediastinum, and diaphragm
Compare & Contrast Mechanism of Inspiration & Expiration
During Inspiration: diaphragm contracts and pulls downwards, intercostals contract and pull upward, increases volume and decreases pressure, air rushes into lungs
During Expiration: diaphragm relaxes, volume of thoracic cavity decreases, pressure increases, air forced out of lungs
Volume & Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity
when volume increases, pressure decreases and air rushes into lungs
during inspiration, volume of the thoracic cavity is increased and results in the pressure in the lungs decreasing and air is drawn into the lungs
During expiration, the volume of the thoracic cavity is reduced, causing the pressure in the lungs to increase, causing air to rush out
when volume decreases, pressure increases, air rushes out
Respiratory Volumes & Capacities
Respiratory Volumes
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
: volume of air that can be inhaled in addition to tidal volume, during forced inspiration (3,000 mL)
Expiratory Reserve Volume
: volume of air that can be exhaled during a maximal forced expiration, beyond tidal volume (1,200 mL)
Tidal Volume
: volume of air that enters or leaves lungs during one respiratory cycle (500mL)
Residual Volume
: volume of air that remains in lungs after maximal expiration, (1,200mL)
Respiratory Capacities
Inspiratory Capacity
: volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal, resting expiration (IRV+ TV) (3,500mL)
Functional Residual Capacity
: volume of air that remains in the lungs after a resting expiration (ERV+ RV) (2,300mL
Vital Capacity
: maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after maximal inspiration (TV+IRV+ERV) (4,600mL
Total Lung Capacity
: total volume of air in the lungs can hold (VC+ RV) (5,800mL)
Internal vs. External Respiration
Internal Respiration
is what goes on inside body, something that is not as familiar
internal respiration- during internal respiration, oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the cells and blood vessels
External Respiration
External respiration- also known as breathing out, involves both bringing air into the lungs and releasing air in the atmosphere
more well-known and understood than internal respiration
Disorders of the Respiratory System
COPD
: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder; includes chronic bronchitis, emphysemia, and asthma
Causes
: tobacco smoke, air pollution, age
Symptoms
: chronic cough, wheezing, tight chest
Treatments
: medications, oxygen therapy, lung reduction
Tubercolosis
: bacterial infection caused by myobacterium tuberculosis
Causes
: contagious, weakened immune system, drug/alcohol abuse
Symtpoms
: weight loss, night sweats, chest pain
Treatments
: long-term antibiotics, surgery, medication
Pneumonia
: bacterial or viral infection of the lungs
Causes
: viral infection, exposure, impaired immune system
Symptoms
: fever, nausea, chest pain
Treatments
: over counter medication, antibiotics, oxygen therapy
Lung Cancer
: uncontrolled cell growth and development of tumors in the lungs
Causes
: smoking, radon gas, asbestos exposure
Symtpoms
: chest pain, shortness of breath, blood in sputum
Treatments
: radiation, chemotherapy, surgical removal
Seasonal flu
: a viral infection; many variations, and it changes rapidly year to year which alters severity of symptoms
Causes
: inhaled in respiratory droplets, age, occupation
Symptoms
: dry cough, fatigue, congestion
Treatments
: early vaccination, anti-viral medication, rest/hydration