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Movement of Substance Across the Plasma Membrane - Coggle Diagram
Movement of Substance Across the
Plasma Membrane
Concept of Movement of Substance Across a Plasma Membrane
Passive transport
Simple diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion
Does not require energy
Occurs until a dynamic equilibrium is achieved
Occurs following the concentration of the gradient
Active transport
The movement of molecule or ion substances across a plasma membrane occurs against a concentration gradient
Requires energy from ATP
Requires specific carrier protien with specific sites
Requires energy
Occurs against the concentration of the gradient
There are accumulation and disposal of molecules or ions
Types of Solutions
Isotonic (Same concentration)
Hypotonic (Low solutes concentration & High water potential)
Hypertonic (High solutes concentration & Low water potential)
Effects of Solutions in Animal Cells
Hypotonic:
Red blood cells will swell and burst as water will diffuse into it by osmosis (Haemolysis)
Due to plasma membrane is too thin to withstand osmotic pressure
Hypertonic:
Red bloods cell will shrink as water will move out through osmosis (Crenation)
Isontonic:
Cells will maintain their normal shape as water diffuses in and out through osmosis at the same rate
Effects of Solutions in Plants
Hypotonic:
Vacuoles will expand and push cytoplasm and plasma membrane against the cell wall due to water diffusing into the vacuoles by osmosis (Turgid)
Cell will not burst because the cell wall is strong and rigid
Cell turgidity causes guard cell to swell to allow the stomata to remain open for photosynthesis
Hypertonic:
Water will diffuse out of the vacuole by osmosis
Vacuoles and the cytoplasma will shrink causing plasma membrane to be pulled away form cell wall (Plasmolysis)
Plasmolysis will cause leaves and stem bend downwards and wilt
To regain turgidity,the plan must be put into hypotonic solution (Deplasmolysis)
Isotonic:
When the sap of the plant cell and extracellular solution are isotonic,the movement of water difussion in and out of the cell is the same
Cells become flaccid