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Respiratory System, Major Functions, Respiratory Volumes and Capacities,…
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Major Functions
- Obtain oxygen from atmosphere, remove carbon dioxide of the cell bodies
- Tubes filter, warm and moisturize incoming air, take it to gas exchange areas,microscopic air sacs exchange gases
- Removes particles fromincoming air
- Regulates tempture and water of the air
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Mucous Membrane: Bronchial tree filter,warm and humidify incoming air
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Layers of Pleura
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Right Lung = 3 lobes (superior, iddle, inferior)
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Lower Respiratory Tract
Bronchial Tree
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- Primary Bronchi -branch directly off trachea each to a lung
- Secondary Bronchi: off of main bronchi into each lobe of the lungs
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Terminal bronchioles: branches off larger bronchioles; smallest bronchioles that conduct air, without performing gas exchange
Respiratory bronchioles: branch off terminal bronchioles; contain alveoli, so can perform gas exchange
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Alveoli: consist of simple squamous epithelium, which conducts rapid gas exchange between the air and blood with the. associated capillaries; closely surrounded by extensive capillary networks
Trachea
1.Tube extending down in front of the esophagus and into thoracic cavity splitting R and L and PRIMARY BRONCHI
- Inner wall lined w ciliated mucous membrane w goblet cells(produc mucus)
- Supported by 20 C shaped rings that keep airway open
Larynx
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- Air in and out of trachea
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- Thyroid cartilage = Adam's Apple
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Lungs
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- Primarybronchus and large blood vesseles enter each lung on medial surface
Upper Respiratory Tract
Naval Cavity
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- Divided by the Nasal septum
3. Nasal Conchae = scroll shaped bones dividing the nasal cavity in 2 passageways, SUPPORT mucous membrane increasing their area to warm and filter air
- Particles trapped by mucus are carried to pharynx by cilia, swallowed and destroyed in the stomach in gastric juice
Sinuses
- Air Filled Pockets in maxillary, frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid bones opening into the naval cavity
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Nose
- Openings for air to enter an exit
- Bone and cartilage support
- Hairs in nostrils help filter air
Pharynx
- Behind the oral and nasal cavities and larynx
- Passageway for air and food from cavities
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4.Includes 3 subdivisions- Nasopharynx, Oropharynx and laryngopharynx
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Expiration
Normal Expiration
Result of passive process of elastic recoil of muscles in lung tissues from the surface tension w alveoli
Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax,lungs recoil, decreasing the volume of the thoracic cavity
Lungs recoil, pleura and chest wall pulled inward
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Intra alveolar pressure increases to 1mm hg ABOVE atmospheric pressure AIR RUSHES OUT OF LUNGS INTO ATMOSPHERE
Forced Expiration
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Aided by internal intercostal muscles and abdominal wall muscles which compress rib cage and abdominal wall
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