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Lymphatic System & Immune: Concept Map:10, Vina Truong, Period 2,,…

- - - - Cells involved in Immune System
        
        Agranulocytes
        
        Dendrite cells- Contact with ext. antigens
        
        Macrophage
        
        Monocyte
        
        MAST cell- Non phagoytic
        
        Granulocytes
        
        Basophil- NP, initiate allergic reactions
        
        Esinophil- Non phagocytic- allergic reactions
        
        Neutrophil- Multiple lobes
        
        B cells
        
        Differentiate in Bone marrow
        
        Humoral IR
        
        Interact indirectly, produce antibodies
        
        T cells
        
        Differentiate in the Thymus
        
        Cellular IR
        
        Interact directly with cells
        
        Types of T Cells
        
        Cytokines from helper T cells activate cytotoxic T cells. CTells, release perferin cuts into cell
        
        Memory T cell-quick response to future exposure by same antigen, divide and produce a large # of cytotoxic T cells
        
        Cytotoxic T cell-recognizes and elimate cancer or virus cells
        
        Helper T cell-stimulate B cell to produce antibodies
    - - Elimate antigens
      - Remember... In 10 days!
      - Mount attack
      - Identify threat
- - - - Lymph formation- dependent on tissue fluid formation
      - Lymph movements
        
        - Hydrostatic preassure of tissue fluid- drives entry of fluid into capillaries (which is a lymph)
        
        - Muscular activity(moves lymph through vessels)
        
        Edema: Accumilation of lymph in interstitial space(due to interference with the flow.) EX: Breast cancer surgery, may cause obstruction of the tissue and results in edema
      - Tissue fluid in a lymphatic capillary
    - - Unencapsulated Lymphatic Tissue
        
        Digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive systems
        
        Called: Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue or MALT
        
        Tonsils, appendix, peyers patch= Compact mass of Lymphatic nodules
        
        Encapsulated Lymphatic Organs
        
        Lymph nodes
        
        Bean shaped
        
        - Afferent Lymphatic vessels (Enter through convex surface_
        
        - Efferent Lymphatic Vessels (filtered lymph leave lymph node)
        
        Location- Located in groups or chains along lymphatic vessels
        
        Location of Major Lymph Nodes
        
        Thoracic Lymph node
        
        Cervical Lymph node
        
        Axillary Lymph Node
        
        Supratrochlear Lymph node
        
        Abdominal Lymph Node
        
        Pelvic Lymph Node
        
        Inguinal Lymph Node
        
        Thymus
        
        Location: Anteriorly from lungs
        
        Shrinks in size, large in children, small in adults , replaced by adipose/connec tissue in elderly
        
        Lobules- Contain Lymphocytes
        
        Lymphocytes- mature into T cells or T lymphocytes (leave thymus to provide immunity)
        
        Function of Lymph Nodes
        
        Lymph nodes- Enter centers of lymphocyte production
        
        Lymphocytes- attack viruses, bacteria, parasitic cells
        
        Immune Serveillance- Moniter body fluids (performed by Lymphocytes and macrophages
        
        Macrophages- Destroy debris, damaged cells
        
        Filter Lymph- Remove bacteria, cellular debris
        
        Spleen(Largest lymphatic organ)
        
        Upper left abdominal cavitiy
        
        Similar to a large lymph node (contains BLOOD, instead of lymph)
        
        Filters blood, removes damaged blood cells and bacteria
- - - - Human is resistant to outside species
    - - Acidic environment - gastric
      - Enzymes- in stomach
      - Interferons- slow tumor growth
    - - Lymphoytes- Other than T or B cell
      - Secrete perferons which lyse
      - Defend against virus, cancer cells
    - - Swelling, heat, pain, redness
    - - Fever
        
        Liver and spleen uptake iron
        
        Provides hostile environment for pathogens
      - Phagocytotsis
        
        Monocytes- engulf larger particles
        
        Macrophages- Outside of blood
        
        Neutrophils- engulf smaller particles
    - - 1st line of defense
      - Skin, hair, sweat, mucus, etc
    - - Primary
        
        B or T cells activated
        
        B cells remain dormant or memory B cell
      - Secondary
        
        Memory B cells remain to provide rapid long lasting response
        
        Long lasting immunity
- - - - Artificially aquired- Vaccination
      - Memory B cell formation-long term immunity
      - Naturally aquired- exposure to antigen
    - - Artificially aquired- Injection of antibodies
      - Short term immmunity
      - Natural aquired- Antibodies passed mother to fetus
- - - - Pathogens enter body( 2nd, 3rd LOD)
      - Mechanical barriers(skin, mucus membranes)
    - - Natural Killer cells
      - Basically anything within innate IR.
      - Chemical barriers
    - - 3rd line of defense
        
        Humoral Immune Response
        
        B cells
        
        Help T cells release cytokines to activate
        
        B cells clone and differ (too antibodies, plasma etc)
        
        T cells helpers help with activaition
        
        B cell activated when antigen
        
        Humoral response- Antibodies travel through body and attack
        antigens
        
        Cellular Immune response
        
        T cells
        
        Require activation- from Accessory cell
        
        T cells interact, and secrete cytokines & interferon
        
        Accessory cell- B cell or Macrophage
        
        DIsplays MHC Protein
      - Cellular IR.
      - Humoral IR.
- - - - Agglunation
      - Precipitation,Makes antigen suspectible to phagocytosis
    - - Inflmation
      - agglunation, inflamtion
    - - Prevent spread of pathogen
    - - IgG, A,M, E, D
- - - - Anaphylaxis
      - Antibodi cytotoxic- wrong blood