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Jimena Serrano Respiratory system Period 2 - Coggle Diagram
Jimena Serrano Respiratory system Period 2
Major functions of the respiratory system
Nose- entrance to nasal cavity internal hairs begin to filter incoming air.
Nasal cavity- conducts air to pharynx, mucous lining filters warms and moistens incoming.
paranasal sinuses- Reduce weight of skull; serve as resonant chambers
Pharynx- Passageway for air moving from nasal cavity to larynx and for food moving from oral cavity to esophagus
larynx- Passageway for air; prevents foreign objects from
entering trachea; houses vocal cords
lungs- contain air passages alveoli, blood vessels, connective tissues, lymphatic vessels, and nerves.
trachea- Passage for air mucous lining continues to filter particles from incoming air
Bronchial tree- Conducts air form trachea to alveoli, mucous lining continues to filter incoming air.
Upper respiratory structures and functions
nose- Nostrils provide openings for entrance and exit of air, Supported by bone and cartilage, Nostrils contain coarse hairs, which prevent entry of particles
nasal cavity- Divided medially by nasal septum, consisting of bone & cartilage, Hollow space posterior to the nose
mouth
throat(pharynx)- Space behind oral and nasal cavities and larynx, 3 subdivisions: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx, Common passageway for air and food from nasal & oral cavities
voice box(larynx)-An enlargement in the airway superior to the trachea and inferior to the laryngopharynx, Transports air in and out of the trachea
Lower respiratory structures and functions
trachea- Passageway for air; mucous lining continues to
filter particles from incoming air
bronchi- two large tubes that carry air from the windpipe to your lungs
bronchioles- carry air to small sacs in your lungs called alveoli, body gas exchange.
alveoli- Microscopic air sacs/cavities clustered at distal ends of alveolar ducts. The only sites of gas exchange between the air and blood
Layers of the pleurae
The outer layer is called the parietal pleura and attaches to the chest wall.
The inner layer is called the visceral pleura and covers the lungs, blood vessels, nerves, and bronchi.
Compare and contrast the mechanism of inspiration and expiration
Inspiration occurs when the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles contract.
Expiration occurs when the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles relax
Volume and Pressure relationships in thoracic cavity
Lung volume expands because the diaphragm contracts and the intercostals muscles contract, thus expanding the thoracic cavity.
This increase in the volume of the thoracic cavity lowers pressure compared to the atmosphere, so air rushes into the lungs, thus increasing its volume.
Respiratory volumes and capacities
Inspiratory capacity (IC) = TV + IRV
Vital capacity (VC) = TV + IRV + ERV or IC + ERV
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = ERV + RV
Total lung capacity (TLC) = IRV + TV + ERV + RV or IC + FRC
Internal vs. external respiration
Internal respiration occurs in the body tissues, where cells release carbon dioxide and take in oxygen from the blood.
External respiration occurs in the lungs or gills and occurs when the body takes in oxygen from the atmosphere and releases carbon dioxide.
Disorders of the respiratory system
COPD- caused by age, air pollution and dust exposure. Symptoms: cough, indection, wheezing. Treatment Options: oxygen therapy, smoking cessation, antibiotics
Tuberculosis- cuased by drugs, contagious inhaled, symptoms: fever, chest pain, weight loss. Treatment options: medication, surgey, long-term antibiotics
Pneumonia- caused by Bacteria infection, aspiration, viral infection. Symptoms: cough, muscle, chills. Treatment: oxygen therapy, antibiotics, over the counter medication
lung cancer- Caused by smoking, genetics, second hand smoke, symptoms: chest pain, weight loss, headache. Treatment: Radiation, chemotherapy, surgical removal
Seasonal flu- caused flu: chronic illness, pregnancy, inhaled in respiratory. Symptoms: dry cough, Fatigue, headache. Treatment: early vaccination, over the counter medication, Rest and hydration