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Maria Palacios P2 Respiratory System - Coggle Diagram
Maria Palacios P2 Respiratory System
Major Functions
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receives oxygen & removes carbon dioxide from cells
allows us to talk and smell
warms and moistens incoming air
removes wastes from body
allows us to breathe
protects from dust & microbes
Upper Respiratory Structures & Functions
nose:
entrance/ exit for air, prevent entry of particles; made of bone & cartilage
nasal cavity:
warm/ moistens/ filters air, traps particles; divided by nasal septum & creates passageways
sinuses:
reduces skull weight, chambers for voice; open into nasal cavity, air-filled spaces
pharynx:
produces sounds for speech, passageways for air & food; space behind oral/ nasal cavities & larynx, 3 subdivisions: nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynogopharynx
Lower Respiratory Structures & Functions
larynx:
houses vocal cords, transports air in & out of trachea, prevents particles from entering trachea; made of muscles & cartilage
trachea:
extends to esophagus and thoracic cavity, splits into L&R bronchi, cilia sweep mucus
bronchial tree:
lead from trachea to alveoli; primary: lead to each lung, secondary: enters a lobe of a lung, tertiary: enters a segment of lung, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, resp. bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli
lungs:
separated by mediastinum, enclosed by diaphragm & thoracic cage, soft cone organ; pleuras
Layers of Pleurae
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serous fluid:
lubricates pleural cavity between 2 layers
parietal pleura:
outer layer; lines thoracic cavity
visceral pleura:
inner layer; attached to surface of lungs
Inspiration vs Expiration
Inspiration
air moves from higher to lower pressure, force that moves air into lungs
Expiration
diaphragm pushes upward, passive process of elastic recoil of muscles & lung tissue and surface tension within alveoli
Volume & Pressure Relationships
increase in volume of thoracic cavity decreases pressure, decrease in volume increases pressure
Internal vs External Respirations
Internal
occurs in body tissues: cells release carbon dioxide and take in oxygen from blood
External
occurs in lungs and body takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide
Disorders of Respiratory System
COPD:
chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma
causes/ risks: air pollution, tobacco smoke
symptoms: chronic cough, wheezing, tight chest
treatment: medication, lung transplant
Tuberculosis:
bacterial infection in resp. system
causes/ risks: contagious, weak immune system
symptoms: fever/ fatigue, chest pain, short breath
treatment: surgery, medication, antibiotics
Pneumonia:
bacterial or viral infection of the lungs
causes/ risks: aspiration, viral infection, impaired immune system
symptoms: fever, chills, chest pain
treatment: antibiotic, oxygen therapy, antibiotics
Lung Cancer:
uncontrolled cell growth & development of tumors in lungs
causes/ risks: air pollution, genetics, second-hand smoke
symptoms: fatigue, chest pain, shortness of breath
treatment: radiation, chemotherapy, surgical removal
Seasonal Flu:
viral infection changes the severity of symptoms
causes/ risks: inhaled in respiratory, age, pregnancy
symptoms: fatigue, dry cough, congestion
treatment: early vaccination, rest/ hydration, antiviral meds
Respiratory Volumes & Capacities
Tidal Volume (TV):
500 mL
volume of air moved in/out during resp. cycle
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV):
3,000 mL
max. vol. of air that can be inhaled at end of respiration
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV):
1,100 mL
max. vol. air can be exhaled at end of resting expiration
Residual Volume (RV):
1,200 mL
vol. of air remaining in lungs after max. expiration
Vital Capacity (VC):
4,600 mL
max. vol. air exhaled after taking the deepest breath possible; TV+IRV+ERV= VC
Inspiratory Capacity (IC):
3,500 mL
max. vol. air inhaled following exhalation of resting tidal vol.; TV+IRV= IC
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC):
2,300 mL
vol. of air remaining in lungs after exhalation of resting tidal vol.; ERV+RV= FRC
Total Lung Capacity (TLC):
5,800 mL
total vol. of air that lungs can hold; VC+RV= TLC