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Respiratory System Andrew S. Granados P.2 - Coggle Diagram
Respiratory System Andrew S. Granados P.2
Major functions
Obtaining oxygen and removing carbon dioxide. Removes partials from incoming air.
Regulates temperature of air and water content of air. Provides vocal sounds, helps with smell ,and regulates blood pH
U.R.T.
Nose
Entrance to nasal cavity; internal hair begin filtering air
Nasal Cavity
Conducts air to pharynx; muscle lining filters, warms & moistens incoming air
Paranasal Sinuses
Reduces the weight of skull; serves as resonate chambers
Pharynx
Passageway for moving from nasal cavity to larynx & for food moving from oral cavity to esophagus
L.R.T
Larynx
Passageway for air; prevents foreign objects from entering trachea; houses vocal cords
Trachea
Passageway for air; mucous lining continues to filter particles from the air
Bronchial Tree
Conducts air from trachea to alveolar; mucous lining continues to filter incoming air
Lungs
Contains air passages, alveolar, blood vessels, connective tissue, lymphatic vessels & nerves
Layers of pleurae
pleura
Visceral pleura
Inner layer; attaches to surface of each lung
Parietal pleura
Outer layer; lines thoracic cavity
Serous fluid; lubricates between the two layers
Compare and contrast the mechanism of inspiration and expiration
During inspiration, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract allowing air to enter the lungs. During expiration, the inspiration muscles relax forcing gases to flow out of the lungs.Feb 2, 2023
Volume and Pressure relationships in thoracic cavity
Increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity causes a decrease in the intrathoracic pressure and an influx of air
Respiratory volume & capacity
Tidal Volume (TV)
500 mL
Volume of air moved in and out of lungs during respiratory cycle
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
3,000 mL
Maximal volume of air that can be inhaled at the end of a resting inspiration
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
1,100 mL
Maximal volume of air that can be exhaled at the end of a resting expiration
Residual volume (RV)
1,200 mL
Volume of air that remains in the lungs even after a maximal expiration
Vital capacity (VC)
4,600 mL
Maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after taking the deepest breath possible: VC = TV + IRV + ERV
Inspiratory capacity (IC)
3,500 mL
Maximum volume of air that can be inhaled following exhalation of resting tidal volume: IC = TV + IRV
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
2,300 mL
Volume of air that remains in the lungs following exhalation of resting tidal volume: FRC = ERV + RV
Total lung capacity (TLC)
5,800 mL
Total volume of air that the lungs can hold: TLC = VC + RV
Internal vs. external respiration
Internal respiration occurs in the body tissues, where cells release carbon dioxide and take in oxygen from the blood. External respiration occurs in the lungs or gills and occurs when the body takes in oxygen from the atmosphere and releases carbon dioxide.
Disorders of the respiratory system
C.O.P.D (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)
Includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, & asthma
Tuberculosis
Bacterial infection in the respiratory system caused by Mycobacterium
Pneumonia
Bacterial or viral infection of the lungs
Lung Cancer
Uncontrolled cell growth & development of tumors in the lungs
Seasonal Flu
Viral infection; There are many variations of this virus & it changes rapidly from year to year