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sher shsh, intro - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Diwan –i- Wizarat – Wazir -Revenue and Finance, public finance and accounts;
      - Vakil- chief secretary;
      - § 2. Diwan-i-Ariz- Arm-- Mir-i-Atish.
      - Diwan-i-Rasalat- Foreign Minister.
      - § 4. Diwan-i-Insha- Minister for Communications.
    - - central
        
        47 later 50 sarkars
        
        smaller than provinces ,larger than districts, like modern Commissioner's Divisions .
      - province
        
        Chief Shiqdar (law and order)
        
        Chief Munsif (judge)
        
        several parganas.
        
        Shiqdar (military officer)
        
        Amin (land revenue)
        
        Fotedar (treasurer)
        
        Karkuns (accountants)
  - - - custom duties, sales tax, excise tax, additional cesses on land, cattle-tax, grazing tax,
      - professional tax on some industries and ferry dues
      - industrial and commercial undertakings of the state.
      - Hindus paid the jazia -able-bodied adult male Hindus
    - - land revenue in cash
      - gaz-i Sikander-l = 32 inch
      - measured in every season
      - records of the holdings
      - one-third of the actual produce
        
        local concessions
        
        Multan, -one-fourth
    - - by village headman (muqaddam or mukhiya)
      - additional 5 percent
      - Patwari kept the land records
    - - argana was the main unit for revenue collection
      - records in Persian
      - Shiqdar -for transmitting the collection to the centre in cash or kind,
  - - - civil and criminal cases among Muslims
      - circumstantial evidence into consideration;
  - - - Madrasas: higher education
      - Arabic and Persian
      - education of Muslims, a Maktab was attached to every mosque
      - merit based: Endowments and grants were given to educational institutions
    - - Sarais also served as Dak Chaukis
        
        enclosed buildings with Chowkidars
        
        Two horses were kept at every sarai s
        
        "veritable arteries of the empire."
        
        . Safety of life and goods was assured.
        
        separate lodge for the king and aristocratic people.
        
        1700 sarais were constructed on both sides of the roads.
      - repaired old roads.
        
        new roadways so that Agra, the capital, stood connected with Bengal on one side, and Rohtas on another,
        
        Agra to Burhampur
        
        Jodhpur to Chittor
        
        A fifth road connected Lahore with Multan.
        
        Sonargaon to Sind
        
        extended the Grand Trunk Roadfrom Chittagong in the frontiers of the province of Bengal in northeast India to Kabul in Afghanistan in the far northwest of the country.
      - Encouragement to Trade and Industry
        
        abolished this levy entirely except a few places
  - - - debasement of the current coins and the absence of a fixed ratio between the coins and various metal
      - issue a large number of new silver coins : 'dam'
      - silver rupee and copper dam had their halves, quarters, eighths and sixteenths.
      - abolished all old and mixed metal currency coins
      - ed a rate between the copper and silver coins
        
        silver rupee coins-180 grains,,175 -
        pure silver.
        
        rupee, minus its inscription-
        Mughal period and was retained by the English East India Company up to 1835.
        
        mint were invariably inscribed on the coins in Arabic characters.
        
        name in Devanagari script
        
        first four Khalifas
        
        Gold-metal .
        
        various weights-166.4 grains, 167 grains and 168.5 grains
        
        The ratio dam and the rupee was 64 to 1.
        
        various gold coins and the silver ones were fixed on a permanent basis
  - - - building a new walled city in Delhi, which later came to be known as Purana Qila (Old Fort)
      - own mausoleum in Sasaram.
    - - Malik Muhammad Jayasi wrote the famous Hindi work Padmavat