Axilla & Arm

Brachial Plexus

  1. Identify the anatomical region where you would find the following portions of plexus: roots, trunks, divisions, and cords.

Roots

  1. Which component of the spinal nerve is responsible for the formation of a plexus (ie. brachial plexus)?

Answer

Ventral Primary Rami of C5 - T1 aka Roots of Brachial Plexus

Trunks

Divisions

Cords

Vasculature to the Upper Arm

  1. What happens to the dorsal rami of these spinal nn.?

Answer

Intrinsic back muscles are innervated by dorsal rami of spinal nerves

  1. What types of nerve fibers are found in the brachial plexus?
  1. Do any of the branches of the brachial plexus carry parasympathetics? Why or why not?

Branches

  1. Which division of a spinal nerve forms the roots of the brachial plexus.
  1. What spinal cord levels contribute to the roots of the brachial plexus.

  1. List the three trunks of the brachial plexus.
  1. How are the trunks of the brachial plexus formed?
  1. List the various trunks and what forms each one.
  1. How does each trunk terminate?
  1. How is each of the cords of the brachial plexus formed?
  1. How are the cords of the plexus named?
  1. Name the three branches from the lateral cord and indicate what they innervate.
  1. Name the branches of the medial cord cord and indicate what they innervate.
  1. Name the branches of the posterior cord cord and indicate what they innervate.
  1. What three nerves form the M over the surface of the axillary artery?

Anatomical relationships

  1. What is the relationship of the median nerve to the axillary artery?
  1. What is the relationship of the axillary vein to the axillary artery? 23. What is the relationship of the axillary vein to the axillary artery? Explain its clinical
    relevance in subclavian vein puncture.

Brachial Plexus Injuries

  1. Compare and contrast an upper versus lower brachial plexus injury.

Lymphatics of the Upper Arm

  1. Describe the arrangement of lymph nodes in the axilla and the directional drainage of lymph
    from the upper limb to the venous system.
  1. What nerves are at risk when axillary lymph nodes are removed due to breast cancer?

Upper Arm Neuromusculature & Osteology

Arm Musclature

  1. Trace the origin, course, and branches of the brachial artery.
  1. Trace each of the terminal branches of the brachial plexus within the arm.
  1. Describe the compartments of the arm including common innervation and actions.

Osteology

  1. What nerves are in contact with: surgical neck of humerus, radial groove of humerus, distal
    end of humerus, medial epicondyle?
  1. Correlate any fractures of the humerus, radius or ulna with functional disruptions of
    associated muscular and neurovascular structures (fracture of surgical neck of humerus, avulsion of greater tubercle of humerus, transverse fracture of humeral shaft, intercondylar fracture).
  1. Be able to start with a specific neurologic deficit or injury and identify or recognize which behavioral/functional deficits would occur as a consequence. For example: