Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Krashen’s 5 hypotheses of Second language learning - Coggle Diagram
Krashen’s 5 hypotheses of Second language learning
The Input Hypothesis:
Language is acquired through exposure to comprehensible input.
Comprehensible input is slightly beyond the learner's current proficiency level.
Learning occurs when the input is understood, not when it is too difficult or too easy.
The Affective Filter Hypothesis:
Emotional factors, such as motivation, anxiety, and self-confidence, influence language acquisition.
A low affective filter (positive emotions) facilitates learning, while a high filter (negative emotions) impedes it.
Creating a supportive and positive learning environment is crucial for effective language acquisition.
The Monitor Hypothesis:
The 'monitor' refers to the conscious, reflective part of the learner's mind.
Learners use the monitor to edit and correct their language output.
While the monitor can be helpful for accuracy, over-reliance on it can hinder fluent communication.
The Natural Order Hypothesis:
There is a predictable, natural order in which learners acquire grammatical structures.
Certain grammatical structures are acquired earlier or later in the language development process.
This sequence is not affected by explicit instruction but emerges naturally through exposure.
The Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis:
Acquisition and learning are distinct processes.
Acquisition is the subconscious, natural process of picking up a language through exposure.
Learning involves conscious knowledge about the language and is less effective for developing fluency.