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Chapter 3 Water and Its Spatial Distribution - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 3
Water and Its Spatial Distribution
Unit 1
What are the Physical States of Water?
solid
liquid
gas
Unit 3
What is the Hydrological Cycle?
a sequence of processes that occur to ensure that water is naturally replenished on Earth
Condensation
warm moist air cools as it rises
water vapour changes into water droplets
small droplets combine to form bigger droplets
large amounts of water droplets gather to form clouds
Transpiration
plants give out water vapour through their leaves
Evaporation
the Sun's heat causes water to evaporate > water changes into water vapour
Surface runoff
water flows from the highlands and over the ground surface into streams and rivers
Groundwater
water that seeps into the ground- may be absorbed by plants or stored as groundwater
Precipitation
water falls as rain or snow
Unit 4
What is a Water Budget?
how much water is available in an area
Inputs
processes that increase the amount of water in a catchment
Outputs
processes that decrease the amount of water in a catchment
water surplus
: when input is more than output
water deficit
: when output is more than input
net change: the difference between the inputs and outputs of a system
Water budget equation
water budget equation describes the flow of water in and out of a catchment area
Net change = Input - Output
Unit 2
Where is Water Found?
Water stores
not evenly distributed
flow: movement of water from one store to another
Freshwater
low amount of salts that can be used more readily
Groundwater
found below the surface of the Earth
forms when water makes its way to the rocks beneath, filling up the pores and cracks
Soils
rainwater passes through the soil through pores
soil moisture
: water stored in the soil
Lakes
water bodies surrounded by land
Rivers
natural wide flows of freshwater across the land
river source
: marks the point where a river begins
river mouth
: marks the place where a river flows into another water body
Glaciers
large masses of ice that rest on land or float in the sea
snow accumulates and hardens into ice
Saltwater
too much salt to be used directly
Oceans
large masses of water that are connected to one another
5 oceans: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Artic, Southern