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Chapter 5: Security and Privacy of Information Belonging to Children and…
Chapter 5: Security and Privacy of Information Belonging to Children and in Educational Records
Challenges in Protecting Children on the Internet
Identification of Children
Requiring User Input:
Website can require user to identify if they're children or adults.
Requiring Payment
: If there's any sensitive information on a website, it can require a payment in order to access the site.
Using Parental Controls:
Allows a parent to restrict children's access to materials based on different ratings.
Requiring Parental Consent
: A website can block a child's access to their site until a parent provides permission.
First Amendment and Censorship
Individuals online
have a First Amendment right to view lawful content, including content that others might find troubling.
Website operators
and
other content creators
have a First Amendment right to post lawful content, including content that others might find troubling
Defining Objectionable Content
Miller v. California (1973):
In order for material to be defined as "obscene," it must meet three conditions:
1.
Appeals predominantly to prurient interests
2.
Depicts or describes sexual conduct in a patently offensive way
3.
Lacks serious literacy, artistic, political, or scientific value
Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA):
A policy with the main intent to protecting children's privacy on the Internet, as well as protecting them from age-inappropriate content and online marketing.
Main Requirements:
1.
Gain parental consent before obtaining children's personal information
2.
Post a privacy policy explaining their practices.
Children's Internet Protection Act (CIPA):
A policy that requires school and libraries receiving Federal funding for Internet access to filter online content in order to protect minors from accessing offensive content, such as visual depictions of obscene and child pornography.
Main Requirements:
1. Content Filtering:
Schools and libraries must implement technologies, such as technology protection measure (TPM), to filter offensive visual content so minors can't see it.
2. Internet Safety Policy:
School and libraries must also adopt and enforce an Internet safety policy that must be available for all users.
Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)
: An act with the intent to protecting the privacy of student educational records.
Main Requirements
1. Annual Notification:
Requires schools to notify students and parents about their FERPA rights, including how to file a complaint with the Department of Education
2. Access to Education Records:
Grants parents and students the right to inspect and review any educational record maintained by the school
3. Amendment of Education Records:
Grants a parent to ask a school to amend information in a student's record that is incorrect or misleading.
4. Disclosure of Education Records:
Educational agencies must gain consent from either a student or their parents in order to disclose educational records and student PII.