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Elena Baechli (period 5) Respiratory System - Coggle Diagram
Elena Baechli (period 5)
Respiratory System
Major functions of the respiratory system
supply body with 02 for cellular respiration and dispose of CO2 a waste product of cellular respiration
respiratory and circulatory system are closely coupled - if either system fails, body's cells die from oxygen starvation
also functions in olfactory and speech
Respiration involves four processes
respiratory system
Pulmonary ventilation (breathing): movement of air into and out of lungs
External respiration: exchange of O2 and CO2 between llungs and blood
Circulatory system
transport of O2 and CO2 in blood
Internal respiration: exchange of O2 and CO2 between systemic blood vessels and tissues
Upper respiratory structures and functions
Nose (ecternal nose and nasal cavity)
Produces mucus; filters, warms, and moistens incoming air; resonance chamber for speech
receptors for sense of smell
Paranasal sinuses
Lighten skull; may also warm, moisten, and filter incoming air
Pharynx
passageway for air and food
facilitates exposure of immune system to inhaled antigens
Lower respiratory structures and functions
Larynx
Air passageway; prevent food from entering lower respiratory tract
Voice production
Trachea
Air passageway; cleans, warms, and moisten incoming air
Bronchial tree
Air passageway, connecting trachea with alveoli; clean, warm, and moist incoming air
Alveoli
Main sides of gas exchange
surfacing reduces service tension; helps prevent lung collapse
Lungs
House respiratory passages smaller than the main bronchi
Pleurae
Produce lubricating fluid and compartmentalize lungs
Layers of Pleurae
Pleurae
Then, double layered serosa membrane that divides thoracic cavity into two plate, compartment and mediastinum
Parietal Pleura: Membrane on thoracic wall, superior face of diagram, around heart, and between lungs
Visceral Pleura: Membrane on extreme lung surface
Compare and contrast the mechanism of inspiration and expiration
Compare
They both use the same pathways
The air travels in the same direction in both
They both end in the lungs
Contrast
Inspiration occurs when the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles contract. Expiration occurs when the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles relax.
the lungs inhale, the diaphragm contracts and pulls downward. This increases the size of the thoracic cavity and decreases the pressure inside
Volume and Pressure relationships in thoracic cavity
Atmospheric pressure (Patm)
pressure exerted by air surrounding the body
Intrapulmonary pressure (Ppul)
pressure in alevoli
Transpulmonary pressure
pressure that keeps lung spaces open
Intrapleural pressure
pressure in pleural cavity
Respiratory volumes and capacities
Tidal volume (TV)
amount of air moved into and out of lung with each breath
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
amount of air that can be inspired forcibly beyond the tidal volume
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
amount of air that can be forcibly expelled from lungs
Residual volume (RV)
amount of air that always remains in lungs
Combinations of two or more respiratory volumes
Inspiratory capacity (IC): sum of TV+IRV
Functional residual capacity (FRC): sum of RV+ERV
Vital Capacity (VC): sum of TV+IRV+ERV
Total lung capacity (TLC): sum of all lung volumes TV+IRV+ERV+RV
Internal vs. external respiration
External respiration
involves the exchange of O2 and CO2 across respiratory membranes
partial pressure gradients and gas solubilities
Internal Respiration
internal respiration involves capillary gas exchange in body tissues
Disorders of the respiratory system
COPD
includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma
Treatment options are medication, antibiotics, and lung transport
Causes or risk Factors: age genetics, tobacco smoke
Tuberculosis
Bacteria infection caused by my bacterium tuberculosis
Treatment options are surgery medication, long-term antibiotics
Causes or risk factors: contagious, inhaled, drug and alcohol abuse, immune system
Pneumonia
Bacteria or viral infection of the lungs
Treatment options antibiotic oxygen therapy over the quarter medication
Causes or risk factors: viral infection, aspiration, exposure to infected
Lung cancer
uncontrolled cell growth and development of tumors in the lungs
Treatment options, radiation chemotherapy surgical removal
Causes or risk factors: smoking, genetics rating, gas
Season flu
A viral infection: variation of this virus: changes the severity of symptoms
Treatment, options, early vaccination, Antiviral medication, rest, and hydration
causes or risk factors: droplets pregnancy