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Marketisation - Coggle Diagram
Marketisation
New Right - Chubb and Moe
American state schools have failed in their goals and started to be placed in the 'free market'
Failed disadvantaged groups
Students not being equipped with the skills needed for work
Parents choosing the school will raise standards
By increasing competition between schools as they need to attract parents, thus raising standards
Force parents to be more involved as they are involved in decision making
1988 Educational Reform Act
Conservative government (Margaret Thatcher) established marketisation in education
Marketisation - the process of introducing market forces of consumer choice and competition between suppliers into areas run by the state
Created an 'educational market' by reducing state control over education
Increasing competition between schools
Parental choice of schools
Parentocracy - Miriam David
Rule by parents
Parents are the consumers
Parents' demands need to be met as they chose the school
Schools are more accountable
Gives parents power as schools are reliant on parents
Evaluation (AO3)
Ball - reproduction of class inequality
Marketisation benefits the M/C and disadvantages the W/C
Myth of parentocracy
New Right ignore wider social inequalities within education and place blame on schools themselves
New Right want parents to have choice and freedom but enforce strict curriculum, which is contradictory
Evaluation (AO3)
Diversity of schools has increased, so there is a greater control of curriculum as there is no need to follow the LEA
Academies have opted out of LEA and curriculums
Introduction of free schools gives parents more power
Gerwirtz - myth of parentocracy
Used interviews and secondary data in 14 London schools
Studied class differences in parental choice of secondary schools
Found that not all parents have choice because there are different types of choosers
Privileged (M/C), semi skilled (W/C), and disconnected (W/C)
Cream skimming
The way students select the best students and throw out the worst
Good schools can choose higher achieving students
Be more selective with the aim of staying on league tables and reduce opportunities of the less able
Silt shifting - good schools are able to select the more able students because they can, so they are less likely to choose the less able students
So not all students have the ability to go to whatever school they want because schools choose
Cream skimming and silt shifting lead to higher grades, thus more funding, thus better facilities, so will be oversubscribed and cycle repeats
Tough and Brooks - covert selection
Selection in admissions where schools cherry pick based on higher ability or social class is forbidden due to schools admissions code
Schools discourage W/C parents from applying
Through difficult literature, located in affluent areas, expensive uniform, and faith schools require reference from a religious leader
Green, Allen, and Jenkins - free schools were socially selecting students and even schools in the most deprived areas were failing to select the neediest dtudents
Evaluation (AO3)
M/C parents don't use cultural capital to send students to outstanding schools
Ofsted downgraded 69% of outstanding schools, some to requires improvement
Many of the schools had not been observed in 10 years
Features of marketisation
Includes sponsors, league tables, LEA, competition, formula funding, tuition fees, free schools, Ofsted, open enrolment, and the National Curriculum
Analysis (AO3)
Prof Simon Burgess - the Welsh assembly stopped the publication of secondary school league tables
GCSE grades deteriorated around 2 grades per pupil per year
League tables improve achievement
Use of traffic light system (stopped due to COVID)
New school improvement framework - less judgemental framework, setting out schools' priorities and their development plans and make these public, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses
According to analysis of pupil progress, many schools had 'deteriorated substantially' since their last inspection by the school's watchdog
Despite this decline, many received the same Ofsted rating or higher upon reinsection
47% of declining primaries and 33% of declining secondaries improved their rating, despite the decline in academic progress by students