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Theme 1 Part A - Coggle Diagram
Theme 1 Part A
harmonisation
some argue it is possible to harmonise the two birth narratives, or make them work together, because while they may have differences, they do not directly contradict each other
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the flight to Egypt may not have happened immediately: it could have been up to two years after Jesus' presentation at the temple
both agree on the cast of the holy family and their location in Bethlehem for Jesus' birth and Nazareth for his upbringing
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timescales of the two stories do not correspond. Luke has Mary and Joseph return to Nazareth much sooner than Matthew
In Matthew, they originate from Bethlehem and settle in Nazareth: in Luke, they come from Nazareth and return home
Luke appears ignorant of some Jewish historical customs - for example, only Mary would need purifying after the birth, not the whole family
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Redaction Criticism
It views the writers as editors rather than the original authors of scripture. This considers that Matthew and Luke selected and adapted materials from several sources to make their own theological points to their audience
Mark is thought to be the earliest of the synoptic gospels that were used as sources by Luke and Matthew
Q is an unidentified source that the birth narratives are thought by some to be a later addition to ensure Jesus' birth, in line with scripture, was in Bethlehem
Matthew
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wanted to prove that Jesus was connected to the significant religious characters in the Old Testament, particularly King David
tells the story from Joseph’s point of view because Joseph was a Jewish man from ‘The city of David’
The Old Testament promises Jews that a Messiah will come to earth, so Matthew’s agenda when writing this gospel was to prove to Jews that Jesus was this Messiah.
Matthew may have wanted to compare Jesus with Moses (who fled from Egypt and the cruel treatment of the Pharaoh).
Matthew’s gospel as it contains four quotations from Old Testament prophets (Isaiah, Micah, Jeremiah and Hosea as well as quotations from Old Testament books such as Samuel 2)
Matthew believed Jesus came to the world for
everyone, not just Jews.
Luke
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‘Simeon’s Song’, in which it states that Jesus is ‘a light to
lighten the Gentiles’.
The ‘flavour’ of Luke’s gospel is not Jewish, he doesn’t refer to the Old Testament as much as Matthew, and when he does, he quotes from the Greek version as opposed to the Hebrew version.
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Doctrine of Incarnation
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most widely accepted definition of Jesus and the incarnation was made by the Council of Nicea in 325
We believe… in one Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God, begotten of the Father… being of one substance with the Father…who for us men and for our salvation came down from heaven and was incarnate and was made man.’
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Kenotic Theology
Jesus Christ was 'emptying himself', taking the form of a slave who was born in human likeness
Apostle Paul wrote about the Kenotic model in his
Letters, found in the New Testament.
Substantial Presence
although unseen, God is fully present, not symbolically, but in reality
A preincarnate self-limitation, Jesus agreeing to take ‘the form of a slave, being born in human likeness.’