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stages of attachment - Coggle Diagram
stages of attachment
shaffer and Emerson
longitudinal study of 60 babies and their mothers in Glasgow (largely working class) = no ptpt (cofounder din variables so can be sure changes in behaviour down to development not individual differences
method= survey, naturalistic observation. infants observed every 4 weeks until they were 1yrs and again at 18 months. mothers interviewed at each visit and asked about situations where the infant show separation distress, and to whom the protests were directed
results= age of onset specific attatchemt approx 6-9 months
by age of 18 months very few (13%) were attached to only one person and 31% had 5 or more such as father, older sibling( use for multiple attachment)
attatchment tended to be with the caregiver who was most interactive& sensitive to the infants signals/ facial expressions (use in reciprocity)
in 75% of infants attachment was formed with father by 18 months and this was decided by the fact infants protested when their father walked away (use in role of father)
conclusion- indicates infants emotional dependance on a caregiver is not related to filling physiological needs
evaluation
strength= research carried out longitudinally and typically in the Childs home. same children were followed up and observed regularly rather than separate groups of children at each age. behaviour unlikely to have been affected by presence of observer as typically observed in own home doing everyday tasks- increases validity of research as no cofounding variables and high ecological validity as
issues with the measurement used to asses attatchement as just bc infant gets distressed when individual leaves room does not mean the individual is a true attatchemt figure. bowl by pointed out child may be distressed when playmate leaves but does not signify attatchement ti them. so s&e view of stages does not distinguish between behaviour shown towards secondary attachment figures and playmates
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