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Lower Gastrointestinal Problems - Coggle Diagram
Lower Gastrointestinal Problems
Diarrhea
Etiology/Pathophisiology
1° cause- ingestion of infectious organisms
number 1- viral (rotavirus), brief duration, mild
Bacterial (E.Coli, C. diff)
Parasitic (Giardia)
Enter the body by eating contaminated food [Salmonella-undercooked eggs, chicken, contaminated water]
[E.Coli- undercooked beef,chicken, contaminated veggies]
Oral-Fecal Route: (Bad hand hygiene)
Other Causes:
Meds (antibiotics)
Ingestion of large amounts of undigested carbs --> osmotic diarrhea
Laxatives (Mg Citrate)
Celiac Disease
*caused by malabsorption
Passage of 3 or > stools/24 hours
Acute (<2 weeks)or chronic (>4 weeks)
Susceptibility
Older: more life threatening
Gastric Acidity
Acid kill pathogens (normally)
PPI, H2R increase likelihood pathogen survives
Antibiotics
Kills off normal flora which lead to increase in suceptibility to pathogens
C.diff most serious antibiotic related diarrhea
Immunocompromised
Clinical Manifestations
Nausea, vomiting concurrently
Abdominal cramping
Liquid stools, sometimes bloody
Perianal skin irritation
Fever, h/a, malaise
Dehydration, electrolyte disturbances
Diagnostic Studies
History
recent travel, contacts
high BUN, High H/H (hemoglobin & hematocrit)
indicates fluid deficit/dehydration
High WBC w/ infectious diarrhea
Stool cultures to ID infectious organisms
Collaborative Care
Treatment is dictated by cause
avoidance of causative food/meds
Prevent transmission
Fluid/electrolyte replacement (IV,TPN)
Skin protection, care
Resolve Diarrhea
Antidiarrheal agents
Antibiotics
Drug Therapy
Pepto-Bismol
Imodium (loperamide)