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Can we revive a former industrial city and what do we have to learn from…

- - - - This source states how the city of Detroit changed its roots from bankruptcy and how the local residents are trying to help with this change
    - - This source was originally published in 2016 on Vice TV. The sources used in this source are first-hand interview sources. The target audience of this source is social media users.
    - - I use this topic simply to reflect how locals think and connect with other topics, which I argue that even though downtown has been heavily revived Detroit has reviewed its neighborhoods aren't. Which I believe is a key detail anyone who plans to revive a city should consider.
    - - "Food waste and Rhino turds combined to produce fertile soil for Detroit's Urban farms" Narrator (11:35-11:39)
      - "Revitalization of the city is definitely real and true" Passion Murray (12:36-12:40)
      - "Nowhere to get fresh food so people buy there grocery at corner store" (10.6 mins)
  - - - The International Journal of Urban and Regional Research Impact Factor is a reputable published research related to development. Author Lisa Berglund is a researcher known to research Gentrification, Urban Design, Uneven Development, and Critical Urban Theory. The publication date is 2020 which indicates the article is very present. The target audience is the research community.
    - - Even though the city of Detroit is known as a shrinking city, the City of Detroit has been in decline since the 1950s, yet in recent years Detroit has seen redevelopments. The article suggested two types of growth patterns they are been Growth Machine and Alternative growth. Cities redevelopment plans where heavily influenced by land-based elites (that include developers, real estate agents, property owners, and other direct benefits) As a result of the lack of public funds, philanthropic foundations have begun to engage as developers.
    - - "As a result in recent years several corporations including Blue Cross/ Blue Shield, Quick Loans, Little Ceaser and DTE Energy have relocated their headquarters to Downtown Detroit.." (Pg 9 line 50-52)
      - "These land-biased elites (that include developers, real estate agents, property owners, and other direct beneficiaries of developments) stand to profit from the intensification of land use." (Pg 4 line 22-25)
      - "Each interview with members of Downtown- Midtown development community revealed on the perception of a recent project as an oasis of traditional urban grow, surrounded by nothingness.." (Pg 15 line 8-10)
    - - This answers directly to the first question. Through the article, it discusses how the City of Detroit becoming a developed city. And what achievements they have earned so far.
    - - This source gives a good vision of what improvement was achieved by the city of Detroit. By doing so the reader will get an understanding of why this paper uses Detroit as the example city.
- - - - The main idea of this article is to introduce ruin tours to the reader. Which currently happening in Detroit, MI.
    - - Ruin tourism is a kind of niche cultural tourism that encompasses a range of activities spanning format, commercial tours to illegal guided urban explorations." (Pg 4 line 8-9)
      - "Most recent work on the transformation of industrial cities has focused on the question of attracting industries and knowledge workers to cite" (Pg 8 line 17-18)
      - "Detroit is the ideal site for this study because of the scale of decline evident in its landscape and because the city's association with the automobile industry gives it a lasting place in the American imagination. While not functionally different from other cities" (Pg 9 line `13-15)
    - - Emma Jean Slager is a graduate student who majored in Geography at the University of Washington Tacoma. University of Washington Tacoma is a public university in Washington ranked in number 40th in national rank. This article was published on July 4th, 2019. This article was published to inform academics and researchers to understand and explain ruin tours happening in Detroit. I believe this source passed the CRAAP test.
    - - The point I am using this source is to inform readers that there may be alternative ways to use urban decay to invent attractions. I believe using this method may create tourist attractions with less investment.
  - - - Urbact is cofounded by the European Union, which focuses on urban development. Amy Labarrière is a journalist who wrote many articles about urban development. The article was published on 26/08/2021 and edited on 28/09/2023. The target audience of this article is city developers, municipal and philanthropists.
    - - This article shares nine different methods that are used across different cities in Europe. These methods differ from citizen cards to inviting entrepreneurs to create tech hubs.
    - - "The project introduced an Economic Development Planning (EDP) approach encouraging local economic development that generates human well-being, The power to drive change rests within the community of residents, local business and local service providers..." (Pg 41 line 13-18)
      - "Launched in 2013, the Educational Innovation Network (EIN) is a comparative structure that long together public administration, education centers, professionals, families and enterprises. Collaboration among these stakeholders help to stimulate innovation and creativity in the city's schools" (Pg 42 line 17-19)
      - "Together the municipality and Habitat3 already recover 10 housing units ...Implementing the new approach nevertheless remain a challenging contest where this has been left to the private market alone for so long" (Pg 55 line 20-24)
    - - This article will used as suggestive ways that to improve shrinking cities in Europe. I have already highlighted what Detroit has tried to improve their city. Since I am using Detroit as an example city throughout the article. Yet I like to state other ways that a city can use to improve its city and by doing improve the lives of its citizens.
- - - - This source is credible because the authors are credible economists, it was published in 2020 and published on American Economic
        Journal which is a peer-reviewed academic journal.
    - - Since the city of Detroit has multiple large companies their employees need housing within the business district. And it suggests the city may be able to increase its population by 7 percent.
    - - The City of Detroit has the potential.
        Can create necessary housing for these employees within downtown Detroit.
    - - "residence utilize area closer to employers to minimize commuting costs" (Pg 1 line 10).
      - "with residential areas closer to downtown workers would clearly save on commuting costs and Detroit benefit from foot traffic" (Pg 3 line 1-2)
      - "Naturally, the proposal where tracts are selected according to the implied increases in population yields the largest in residents among the polices considering 22 tracts. This proposal increases the number of residents in Detroit proper by 8882 residents or about 7 percent" (Pg 39 line 11-12, Pg 40 line 1-2)
    - - This article explains the importance of developing the suburbs surrounding the city of Detroit. This is an important point if we are planning to re-populate a former industrial city we need to attract the population. One of the ways to do so is to increase the number of habitable houses.
- - - - Down TOWN-Middle town has stated large-scale projects. To attract investors city has offered grants, constitutions, and workspace to tech companies. In the article, it suggests Three types of investing areas. These are are Downtown core as the business district, Tech companies to middle town, and Entertainment district to Downtown
    - - "‘TechTown' is an innovation hub and high-tech incubation area that has brought tech start-ups to Midtown and supportive amenities. This business accelerator offers grants, workspace, and consultation to tech businesses hoping to locate in Midtown" (Paragraph 28 line 1-2)
      - "development taking place in the Downtown core and the rest of the neighborhoods in the city receiving less attention and investment was a strong theme in the data. In many instances, areas outside of Downtown–Midtown were viewed by developers and foundations as uncharted territory, yet to be seriously considered for private investment funds." (Paragraph 42 line1-5)
      - "Downtown and Middletown Detroit have recently drawn interest from investors and philanthropic foundations who have played strong roll" (Paragraph 27 Line 1-2)
    - - I chose this source as the currency of the source and it was published in international journals of urban and regional prereview scholarly journals,
    - - The revival of downtown is happening with the support of Philanthropy organizations and investments of billionaires. These developments are much more organized but we have to answer the question it is worth doing so without developing the neighborhoods.
  - - - Harvard Business Review published by Harvard Business which is a non-profit independent corporation. All three authors are entrepreneurs and have article-related knowledge, and experience.
    - - The main idea is that instead of attracting investors to the cities by attracting traditional methods of huge tax cuts to the investors in return for jobs. We can attract future investors to a city by improving educational institutes.
    - - By investing in educational centers in a city. Cites can attract future investors. To that cities attract international students and use their international talent to grow the local innovation economy through research commercialization and by serving as a hub for intrapleural training and new business formation. These businesses have generated jobs.
    - - "Startup communities and ecosystems are the key. They are more vibrant and widespread than ever, and their contribution to economic growth and job creation is well documented" (lines 22-24)
      - "Invested in intuitions of higher education as engines of innovations and job creation, particularly leveraging their ability attract international talent. Foster diverse communities, utilizing untapped talent to drive higher economic return as well as great equity. Build basic infrastructure to ensure growth and return a highly trained local workforce" (lines 30-37)
      - "Retaining these graduates either can befits from their economic contributions-boosting new business from their economic contributions-boosting new function, attracting capital the region and during job creation" (lines 51-54)
  - - - Through out the article author suggested five important methods that a city needed to follow to invite to there city. Each method suggest to help smart program.
    - - The source was published in Gran Thornton. Grant Thornton is an independent accounting and consulting member firm that provides assurance, tax, and advisory services to privately held businesses, public interest entities, and public sector entities. Furthermore, the author has presented the sources used in the article. Yet the publication date is April twenty-eighth.
    - - "Cites that can provide businesses with good, concise information about relevant factors-economic performances, wellbeing of the population and where entrepreneurs are locate..." (line 23-24)
      - "Whether you decide to attract investment through smart-city status or other means, you need visionary leadership of the kind Halin and Laki provide to understand what will attract investment in the first place and push through the changes to make that happen" (lines 61-62)
      - "The list includes Buearemega in Colombia, which has used oil revenues to turn itself into a center of oil expertise. City officials have invested in universities known for their research into the oil industry, boosting the availability of technical skill in the process." (lines 66-68)
    - - This source may not be used as a primary source, but it will be used as a secondary source to connect the topics "How to attract investors" and "Tourism and other avenues".